Estimated median house or condo value in 2017: $113,354 (it was $72,600 in 2000)
Cambridge:
$113,354
IL:
$195,300
Mean prices in 2017:all housing units: $152,986; detached houses: $154,207; townhouses or other attached units: $138,452; in 2-unit structures: $153,118; in 3-to-4-unit structures: $154,431; in 5-or-more-unit structures: $123,150; mobile homes: $55,175
Median gross rent in 2017: $813.
March 2019 cost of living index in Cambridge: 85.3 (less than average, U.S. average is 100)
According to our research of Illinois and other state lists, there were 3 registered sex offenders living in Cambridge, Illinois as of January 19, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Cambridge is 718 to 1. The ratio of registered sex offenders to all residents in this city is near the state average.
Crime rates in Cambridge by year
Type
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Murders (per 100,000)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (47.5)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Rapes (per 100,000)
1 (47.0)
2 (94.3)
0 (0.0)
1 (47.8)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Robberies (per 100,000)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (138.4)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Assaults (per 100,000)
2 (94.1)
4 (188.6)
3 (142.2)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (46.4)
3 (140.3)
3 (141.2)
0 (0.0)
2 (95.1)
0 (0.0)
2 (95.7)
Burglaries (per 100,000)
12 (564.4)
4 (188.6)
1 (47.4)
2 (95.5)
1 (47.8)
3 (146.1)
8 (369.2)
4 (185.7)
4 (187.0)
3 (141.2)
3 (142.1)
5 (237.6)
6 (287.2)
1 (47.8)
Thefts (per 100,000)
18 (846.7)
9 (424.3)
20 (948.3)
13 (620.8)
9 (430.0)
7 (340.8)
16 (738.3)
9 (417.8)
5 (233.8)
9 (423.7)
14 (663.2)
12 (570.3)
12 (574.4)
6 (287.1)
Auto thefts (per 100,000)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (47.8)
2 (97.4)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (47.9)
0 (0.0)
Arson (per 100,000)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (47.8)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
City-Data.com crime index (higher means more crime, U.S. average = 274.0)
129.8
143.3
69.7
69.7
24.4
31.6
96.9
39.0
50.5
55.1
36.5
153.5
46.9
34.0
The City-Data.com crime rate weighs serious crimes and violent crimes more heavily. It adjusts for the number of visitors and daily workers commuting into cities.
Latest news from Cambridge, IL collected exclusively by city-data.com from local newspapers, TV, and radio stations
Ancestries: German (22.4%), Swedish (18.7%), American (13.0%), English (12.5%), Irish (5.1%), Belgian (4.3%).
Current Local Time: CST time zone
Incorporated on 07/13/1896
Elevation: 810 feet
Land area: 1.42 square miles.
Population density: 1,483 people per square mile (low).
40 residents are foreign born
This village:
1.8%
Illinois:
14.0%
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2017: $2,159 (2.0%) Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2017: $2,282 (1.8%)
Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Davenport, IA (26.4 miles , pop. 98,359).
Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: Madison, WI (129.2 miles , pop. 208,054).
Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Chicago, IL (135.3 miles , pop. 2,896,016).
Air Quality Index (AQI) level in 2018 was 64.2. This is about average.
City:
64.2
U.S.:
74.2
Ozone [ppb] level in 2018 was 29.0. This is about average.Closest monitor was 22.0 miles away from the city center.
City:
29.0
U.S.:
33.3
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) [µg/m3] level in 2018 was 9.38. This is about average.Closest monitor was 22.0 miles away from the city center.
City:
9.38
U.S.:
8.46
Tornado activity:
Cambridge-area historical tornado activity is near Illinois state average. It is 69% greater than the overall U.S. average.
On 3/29/1981, a category F4 (max. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado 28.9 miles away from the Cambridge village center causedbetween $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.
On 5/9/1995, a category F3 (max. wind speeds 158-206 mph) tornado 20.4 miles away from the village center causedbetween $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.
Earthquake activity:
Cambridge-area historical earthquake activity is slightly below Illinois state average. It is 84% smaller than the overall U.S. average.
On 4/18/2008 at 09:36:59, a magnitude 5.4 (5.1 MB, 4.8 MS, 5.4 MW, 5.2 MW, Depth: 8.9 mi, Class: Moderate, Intensity: VI - VII) earthquake occurred 232.1 miles away from the city center On 6/10/1987 at 23:48:54, a magnitude 5.1 (4.9 MB, 4.4 MS, 4.6 MS, 5.1 LG) earthquake occurred 210.7 miles away from Cambridge center On 6/28/2004 at 06:10:52, a magnitude 4.2 (4.0 MB, 4.2 MW, Depth: 6.2 mi, Class: Light, Intensity: IV - V) earthquake occurred 68.0 miles away from Cambridge center On 6/18/2002 at 17:37:15, a magnitude 5.0 (4.3 MB, 4.6 MW, 5.0 LG, Depth: 3.1 mi) earthquake occurred 262.9 miles away from the city center On 4/18/2008 at 15:14:16, a magnitude 4.8 (4.5 MB, 4.8 MW, 4.6 MW, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 231.8 miles away from Cambridge center On 4/3/1974 at 23:05:02, a magnitude 4.7 (4.5 MB, 4.7 LG) earthquake occurred 218.1 miles away from the city center Magnitude types: regional Lg-wave magnitude (LG), body-wave magnitude (MB), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)
Natural disasters:
The number of natural disasters in Henry County (12) is near the US average (13). Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 7 Emergencies Declared: 5
Causes of natural disasters: Storms: 7, Floods: 5, Snows: 2, Snowstorms: 2, Tornadoes: 2, Winter Storms: 2, Blizzard: 1, Hurricane: 1, Wind: 1 (Note: some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Hospitals and medical centers near Cambridge:
HILLCREST HOME (Nursing Home, about 5 miles away; GENESEO, IL)
GOOD SAMARITAN SOCIETY - GENESEO VILLAGE (Nursing Home, about 11 miles away; GENESEO, IL)
QUAD CITIES KIDNEY CENTER - GENESEO (Dialysis Facility, about 11 miles away; GENESEO, IL)
HOME HLTH SVCE OF HAMMOND HENR (Home Health Center, about 11 miles away; GENESEO, IL)
HAMMOND-HENRY DISTRICT HSP (Nursing Home, about 11 miles away; GENESEO, IL)
KEWANEE CARE HOME (Nursing Home, about 14 miles away; KEWANEE, IL)
KEWANEE HOSPITAL Critical Access Hospitals (about 14 miles away; KEWANEE, IL)
20 miles: MOLINE (QUAD CITY AIRPORT, 2200 69TH ST.) - Bus Station . Services: enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public payphones, call for taxi service.
Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Cambridge:
Black Hawk College (about 18 miles; Moline, IL; Full-time enrollment: 5,086)
Augustana College (about 24 miles; Rock Island, IL; FT enrollment: 2,555)
Eastern Iowa Community College District (about 25 miles; Davenport, IA; FT enrollment: 5,507)
CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY DISTRICT (Operating income: $126,211; Location: 212 WEST CENTER STREET; 35,780 books; 1,211 audio materials; 903 video materials; 1 local licensed databases; 17 state licensed databases; 1 other licensed databases; 49 print serial subscriptions)
Notable locations in Cambridge: Valley View Country Club (A), Henry County Fairgrounds (B), Cambridge Public Library (C), Cambridge Fire Protection District (D). Display/hide their locations on the map
Churches in Cambridge include: Cambridge Lutheran Church (A), First Baptist Church (B), Saint John Vianney Catholic Church (C). Display/hide their locations on the map
Tourist attraction: Henry County Tourism (307 West Center Street).
Courts: Henry County - Court House- Veteran's Assistance Comm (308 West Center), Henry County Court House (307 West Center Street), Henry County Court House - Animal Control Department (Highway 82), Henry County Court House - County Board (307 East Center Street), Henry County Court House - County Treasurer (307 East Center Street), Henry County Court House - Veteran's Assistance Comm (307 East Center Street), Cambridge-Village - Court House (132 West Center Street), Henry County - Court House- Maintenance (308 West Center).
Birthplace of: Brian Phelps - DJ.
Henry County has a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L (pico curies per liter) - Highest Potential
Drinking water stations with addresses in Cambridge and their reported violations in the past:
CAMBRIDGE (Address: 124 W EXCHANGE ST , Population served: 2,108, Groundwater):
Past monitoring violations:
2 regular monitoring violations
Average household size:
This village:
2.5 people
Illinois:
2.6 people
Percentage of family households:
This village:
68.8%
Whole state:
65.8%
Percentage of households with unmarried partners:
This village:
5.8%
Whole state:
6.3%
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)
Lesbian couples: 0.1% of all households
Gay men: 0.0% of all households
96 people in local jails and other municipal confinement facilities in 2010
82 people in local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups) in 2000
Banks with branches in Cambridge (2011 data):
BankOrion: Drive-In Facility at 112 South West Street, branch established on 1978/06/05; Cambridge Branch at 201 North Prospect, branch established on 1934/07/27. Info updated 2011/12/14: Bank assets: $404.8 mil, Deposits: $342.9 mil, headquarters in Orion, IL, positive income, 8 total offices, Holding Company: Orion Bancorporation, Inc.
Religion statistics for Cambridge, IL (based on Henry County data)
Religion
Adherents
Congregations
Mainline Protestant
11,117
35
Catholic
6,390
11
Evangelical Protestant
4,617
38
Other
390
4
Black Protestant
305
2
None
27,667
-
Source: Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale E.Jones, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley and Richard H.Taylor. 2012. 2010 U.S.Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center. Graphs represent county-level data
Courthouse Sq W Court St (Lat: 41.301417 Lon: -90.192889), Structure height: 60 m, Call Sign: WPAT672, Assigned Frequencies: 154.190 MHz, Grant Date: 07/31/2012, Expiration Date: 10/06/2022, Registrant: Henry County Sheriff\'s Office, 311 W. Center St., Cambridge, IL 61238, Phone: (309) 937-3911
Courthouse Sq W Court St (Lat: 41.301417 Lon: -90.192889), Structure height: 60 m, Call Sign: WPBX245, Assigned Frequencies: 154.265 MHz, Grant Date: 01/24/2013, Expiration Date: 03/26/2023, Registrant: Henry County Sheriff\'s Office, 311 W. Center St., Cambridge, IL 61238, Phone: (309) 937-3911
316 W Court St (Lat: 41.301417 Lon: -90.192889), Type: Tower, Structure height: 60 m, Call Sign: WNZU798, Assigned Frequencies: 155.340 MHz, Grant Date: 04/16/2014, Expiration Date: 07/06/2024, Certifier: Gilbert Cady, Registrant: County Of Henry, 311 W Center St, Cambridge, IL 61238, Phone: (309) 937-3911
6 Mi E On Rt 81 (Lat: 41.294194 Lon: -90.095667), Call Sign: KYH769, Assigned Frequencies: 151.580 MHz, Grant Date: 08/05/1997, Expiration Date: 08/13/2002, Cancellation Date: 12/28/2001, Registrant: Richard K Everett, 18507 Il Hwy 81, Cambridge, IL 61238, Phone: (309) 853-5966
204 W Center St (Lat: 41.303361 Lon: -90.186222), Call Sign: KYX846, Licensee ID: L00026221, Assigned Frequencies: 152.915 MHz, Grant Date: 04/04/2000, Expiration Date: 04/04/2005, Cancellation Date: 05/21/2005, Registrant: Gold Star Fs Inc, Cambridge, IL 61238
Lat: 41.213417 Lon: -90.127278, Call Sign: WQVN230, Assigned Frequencies: 452.312 MHz, 457.312 MHz, Grant Date: 04/02/2015, Expiration Date: 04/02/2025, Certifier: Ryan Irving, Registrant: Supreme Radio Communications, Inc., 4017 N Prospect Road, Peoria Heights, IL 61616, Phone: (309) 682-0831, Fax: (309) 682-5949, Email:
FCC Registered Microwave Towers:
4
CAMBMICHW, Lat: 41.298111 Lon: -90.176306, Type: Silo, Structure height: 38.1 m, Overall height: 39.1 m, Call Sign: WQLK521, Assigned Frequencies: 3650.00 MHz, Grant Date: 02/23/2010, Expiration Date: 12/31/2019, Certifier: Shawn M Anderson, Registrant: Network Business Systems Inc., 23834 East 1260th Street, Geneseo, IL 61254, Phone: (309) 944-8823, Fax: (309) 489-4224, Email:
3.5mi N (Lat: 41.354472 Lon: -90.211778), Structure height: 324.9 m, Overall height: 61.9 m, Call Sign: WHF202, Licensee ID: L00002952, Assigned Frequencies: 2076.00 MHz, Grant Date: 07/22/1985, Expiration Date: 12/01/2005, Cancellation Date: 10/06/1999, Registrant: West Central Illinois Educational Telecommunications Corporation, Springfield, IL 62708
3.5 Mi N Of Cambridge (Lat: 41.354472 Lon: -90.211778), Structure height: 324.9 m, Overall height: 61.9 m, Call Sign: WHG201, Licensee ID: L00002952, Assigned Frequencies: 2059.00 MHz, Grant Date: 07/22/1985, Expiration Date: 12/01/2005, Cancellation Date: 10/06/1999, Registrant: West Central Illinois Educational Telecommunications Corporation, Springfield, IL 62708
CAMBRIDGE, On Ulah Rd 3.8 Mi N Of Rt 81 (Lat: 41.351111 Lon: -90.143333), Type: Gtower, Structure height: 115.8 m, Overall height: 119.8 m, Call Sign: WLK616, Assigned Frequencies: 6765.00 MHz, 6315.84 MHz, 6345.49 MHz, 6745.00 MHz, Grant Date: 01/11/2011, Expiration Date: 02/01/2021, Certifier: Steven T Campbell, Registrant: Holland & Knight LLP, 800 17th Street, N.W., Suite #1100, Washington, DC 20006-3906, Phone: (202) 955-3000, Fax: (202) 955-5564, Email:
FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses:
6
Call Sign: KA9UGJ, Grant Date: 08/26/1997, Expiration Date: 08/26/2007, Cancellation Date: 08/27/2009, Registrant: Christopher W Young, Rr 1 Box 43, Cambridge, IL 61238
Call Sign: KB9LDA, Licensee ID: L00134984, Grant Date: 07/21/1995, Expiration Date: 07/21/2005, Cancellation Date: 07/22/2007, Registrant: Le Moyne J Sizek, 216 S Holmes, Cambridge, IL 61238
Call Sign: KB9LIS, Licensee ID: L00134984, Grant Date: 08/19/1995, Expiration Date: 08/19/2005, Cancellation Date: 08/21/2007, Registrant: Joyce A Sizek, 216 S Holmes, Cambridge, IL 61238
Call Sign: KB9LRI, Grant Date: 09/29/1995, Expiration Date: 09/29/2005, Cancellation Date: 10/02/2007, Registrant: Ronald F Franck, 8843 E 1200th St, Cambridge, IL 61238
Call Sign: KB9UPZ, Licensee ID: L00238054, Grant Date: 03/03/2009, Expiration Date: 05/03/2019, Cancellation Date: 01/16/2016, Certifier: William R Powell, Registrant: William R Powell, 602 West Court, Cambridge, IL 61238
Call Sign: KD9ERD, Licensee ID: L01973772, Grant Date: 10/01/2015, Expiration Date: 10/01/2025, Certifier: Daniel S Ames, Registrant: Daniel S Ames, 307 South Road, Cambridge, IL 61238
FAA Registered Aircraft:
3
Aircraft: POWRACHUTE LLC AIRWOLF 912ULS (Category: Land, Seats: 2, Weight: Up to 12,499 Pounds), Engine: ROTAX 912ULS SERIES (100 HP) (4 Cycle) N-Number: 528RP , Serial Number: A212ULS, Year manufactured: 2014, Airworthiness Date: 12/02/2014, Certificate Issue Date: 05/20/2015 Registrant (Individual): Harry W Budge, 17785 Illinois Highway 81, Cambridge, IL 61238
Aircraft: WHEATLEY BOYD L CHALLENGER II KIT (Category: Land, Seats: 2, Weight: Up to 12,499 Pounds), Engine: Reciprocating N-Number: 58BW , Serial Number: CH0494-B113, Certificate Issue Date: 02/02/1996 Registrant (Individual): Boyd Wheatley, Po Box 177, Cambridge, IL 61238
Aircraft: WHEATLEY BOYD L CHALLENGER II (Category: Land, Seats: 2, Weight: Up to 12,499 Pounds), Engine: Reciprocating N-Number: 27BW , Serial Number: CH2099CBK0733, Certificate Issue Date: 03/06/1995 Registrant (Individual): Boyd L Wheatley, Po Box 177, Cambridge, IL 61238
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Aggregated Statistics For Year 2009 (Based on 1 partial tract)
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$129,550
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2008 (Based on 1 partial tract)
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$86,520
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2007 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$62,790
1
$57,600
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2006 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$65,590
1
$96,910
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2005 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$89,130
1
$82,740
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
1
$68,090
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2004 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$50,680
1
$92,240
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
1
$42,220
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2003 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$47,200
3
$70,423
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
1
$50,410
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2002 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$46,970
2
$64,815
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
1
$41,390
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2001 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$35,000
1
$93,040
1
$12,400
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
1
$29,440
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2000 (Based on 1 partial tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$37,560
1
$43,240
1
$10,510
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
1
$27,760
0
$0
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 1999 (Based on 1 partial tract)
Detailed HMDA statistics for the following Tracts:0302.02
2003 - 2018 National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) incidents
Based on the data from the years 2003 - 2018 the average number of fires per year is 19. The highest number of reported fire incidents - 41 took place in 2015, and the least - 10 in 2016. The data has an increasing trend.
When looking into fire subcategories, the most reports belonged to: Structure Fires (47.2%), and Outside Fires (37.5%).
Fire incident types reported to NFIRS in Cambridge, IL