Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: over $1,000,000 (it was $434,000 in 2000)
St. Helena:
over $1,000,000
CA:
$477,500
Mean prices in 2016:All housing units: over $1,000,000; Detached houses: over $1,000,000; Townhouses or other attached units: $747,579; Mobile homes: $201,102
Ancestries: Irish (7.8%), German (4.6%), English (4.2%), American (3.9%), Italian (3.9%), European (3.4%).
Current Local Time: PST time zone
Elevation: 257 feet
Land area: 4.71 square miles.
Population density: 1,271 people per square mile (low).
For population 25 years and over in St. Helena:
High school or higher: 86.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher: 49.1%
Graduate or professional degree: 17.1%
Unemployed: 4.3%
Mean travel time to work (commute): 22.1 minutes
For population 15 years and over in St. Helena city:
Never married: 26.0%
Now married: 53.4%
Separated: 0.5%
Widowed: 8.3%
Divorced: 11.9%
1,262 residents are foreign born (15.6% Latin America, 2.7% Europe).
This city:
20.9%
California:
27.0%
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2016: $5,754 (0.5%) Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2016: $2,894 (0.3%)
Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Santa Rosa, CA (13.3 miles , pop. 147,595).
Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations
Earthquake activity:
St. Helena-area historical earthquake activity is near California state average. It is 721% greater than the overall U.S. average.
On 4/18/1906 at 13:12:21, a magnitude 7.9 (7.9 UK, Class: Major, Intensity: VIII - XII) earthquake occurred 45.2 miles away from the city center, causing $524,000,000 total damage On 1/31/1922 at 13:17:28, a magnitude 7.6 (7.6 UK) earthquake occurred 223.8 miles away from St. Helena center On 10/18/1989 at 00:04:15, a magnitude 7.1 (6.5 MB, 7.1 MS, 6.9 MW, 7.0 ML) earthquake occurred 103.6 miles away from the city center, causing 62 deaths (62 shaking deaths) and 3757 injuries, causing $1,305,032,704 total damage On 4/25/1992 at 18:06:04, a magnitude 7.2 (6.3 MB, 7.1 MS, 7.2 MW, 7.1 MW, Depth: 9.4 mi) earthquake occurred 153.7 miles away from the city center, causing $75,000,000 total damage On 11/4/1927 at 13:51:53, a magnitude 7.5 (7.5 UK) earthquake occurred 260.7 miles away from St. Helena center On 7/21/1952 at 11:52:14, a magnitude 7.7 (7.7 UK) earthquake occurred 309.3 miles away from the city center, causing $50,000,000 total damage Magnitude types: body-wave magnitude (MB), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)
Natural disasters:
The number of natural disasters in Napa County (17) is greater than the US average (13). Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 13 Emergencies Declared: 3
Causes of natural disasters: Floods: 10, Storms: 6, Landslides: 5, Winter Storms: 4, Earthquakes: 2, Fires: 2, Mudslides: 2, Drought: 1, Freeze: 1, Heavy Rain: 1, Hurricane: 1, Tornado: 1 (Note: Some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Birthplace of: Mike Thompson - Politician, Don Mossi - Baseball player, Wayne Belardi - Baseball player.
Hospitals and medical centers near St. Helena:
CRESTWOOD GERIATRIC TREATMENT CTR (Nursing Home, about 4 miles away; ANGWIN, CA)
N M HOLDERMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (Hospital, about 10 miles away; YOUNTVILLE, CA)
N M HOLDERMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL - SNF (Nursing Home, about 10 miles away; YOUNTVILLE, CA)
MONTE VERDE (Hospital, about 10 miles away; SANTA ROSA, CA)
SPRING LAKE VILLAGE (Nursing Home, about 10 miles away; SANTA ROSA, CA)
CALISTOGA HOUSE (Hospital, about 11 miles away; SANTA ROSA, CA)
SUTTER WARRACK HOSPITAL (Hospital, about 12 miles away; SANTA ROSA, CA)
15 miles: SANTA ROSA (175 RAILROAD ST.) - Bus Station . Services: fully wheelchair accessible, public restrooms, public payphones, full-service food facilities, free short-term parking, call for taxi service.
18 miles: NAPA (1275 MCKINSTRY ST.) - Bus Station . Services: fully wheelchair accessible, public payphones, free short-term parking, free long-term parking, call for taxi service.
18 miles: ROHNERT PARK (6480 REDWOOD DR.) - Bus Station . Services: fully wheelchair accessible, public restrooms, public payphones, full-service food facilities, free short-term parking, call for taxi service.
ST. HELENA PUBLIC LIBRARY (Operating income: $1,176,040; Location: 1492 LIBRARY LANE; 62,109 books; 7,061 e-books; 6,861 audio materials; 8,982 video materials; 23 other licensed databases; 174 print serial subscriptions)
Notable locations in St. Helena: Louis Martini Vineyards (A), Forman Winery (B), Christian Brothers Winery (C), Charles Krug Winery (D), Beringer Brothers Winery (E), Silverado Museum (F), Saint Helena Public Library (G), Saint Helena City Hall (H), Saint Helena Fire Department (I). Display/hide their locations on the map
Air Quality Index (AQI) level in 2013 was 93.7. This is worse than average.
City:
93.7
U.S.:
74.7
Carbon Monoxide (CO) [ppm] level in 2013 was 0.466. This is significantly worse than average.Closest monitor was 13.7 miles away from the city center.
City:
0.466
U.S.:
0.293
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) [ppb] level in 2013 was 9.01. This is significantly worse than average.Closest monitor was 4.5 miles away from the city center.
City:
9.01
U.S.:
6.40
Ozone [ppb] level in 2013 was 19.9. This is significantly better than average.Closest monitor was 4.5 miles away from the city center.
City:
19.9
U.S.:
32.0
Particulate Matter (PM10) [µg/m3] level in 2013 was 16.5. This is better than average.Closest monitor was 13.7 miles away from the city center.
City:
16.5
U.S.:
20.0
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) [µg/m3] level in 2013 was 10.2. This is about average.Closest monitor was 13.7 miles away from the city center.
City:
10.2
U.S.:
9.4
Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2016: 11.8%
(9.3% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 14.0% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 2.8% for other race residents, 61.9% for two or more races residents)
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)
Lesbian couples: 0.4% of all households
Gay men: 0.4% of all households
98 people in college/university student housing in 2010
People in group quarters in St. Helena in 2000:
44 people in nursing homes
6 people in homes for the mentally ill
2 people in religious group quarters
Banks with branches in St. Helena (2011 data):
Bank of America, National Association: St. Helena Branch at 1001 Adams Street, branch established on 1927/02/19. Info updated 2009/11/18: Bank assets: $1,451,969.3 mil, Deposits: $1,077,176.8 mil, headquarters in Charlotte, NC, positive income, 5782 total offices, Holding Company: Bank Of America Corporation
Bank of the West: St. Helena Branch at 1451 Main Street, branch established on 1921/01/01. Info updated 2009/11/16: Bank assets: $62,408.3 mil, Deposits: $43,995.2 mil, headquarters in San Francisco, CA, positive income, 647 total offices, Holding Company: Bnp Paribas
Silicon Valley Bank: St. Helena Branch at 899 Adams Street, Suite G-2, branch established on 1998/03/02. Info updated 2006/11/03: Bank assets: $18,760.9 mil, Deposits: $16,815.1 mil, headquarters in Santa Clara, CA, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 5 total offices, Holding Company: Svb Financial Group
Westamerica Bank: St. Helena Branch at 1000 Adams Street, branch established on 1980/11/18. Info updated 2011/06/21: Bank assets: $4,998.1 mil, Deposits: $4,253.2 mil, headquarters in San Rafael, CA, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 98 total offices, Holding Company: Westamerica Bancorporation
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association: St. Helena Branch at 1107 Main Street, branch established on 1963/10/11. Info updated 2011/04/05: Bank assets: $1,161,490.0 mil, Deposits: $905,653.0 mil, headquarters in Sioux Falls, SD, positive income, 6395 total offices, Holding Company: Wells Fargo & Company
Religion statistics for St. Helena city (based on Napa County data)
Religion
Adherents
Congregations
Catholic
47,968
8
Evangelical Protestant
13,323
55
Other
6,725
20
Mainline Protestant
2,923
14
Black Protestant
364
2
Orthodox
80
2
None
65,101
-
Source: Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale E.Jones, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley and Richard H.Taylor. 2012. 2010 U.S.Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center. Graphs represent county-level data
Mt. St. Helena 3 Miles S.W. Of (Lat: 38.669333 Lon: -122.631639), Overall height: 17.7 m, Call Sign: KMB305 Assigned Frequencies: 931.962 MHz, 931.737 MHz, 931.062 MHzGrant Date: 05/14/2009, Expiration Date: 04/01/2019, Certifier: J. Roy PottleRegistrant: Wilkinson Barker Knauer, LLP, 1800 M Street, Nw, Suite 800n, Washington, DC 20036, Phone: (202) 783-4141, Fax: (202) 783-5851, Email:
Mt. St Helena, 3 Miles S.W. Of (Lat: 38.669333 Lon: -122.631639), Overall height: 20.7 m, Call Sign: KNKK816, Licensee ID: L00129894 Assigned Frequencies: 931.987 MHzGrant Date: 05/11/1999, Expiration Date: 04/01/2009, Cancellation Date: 02/07/2005, Certifier: Erik YoungRegistrant: Verizon Wireless (Vaw) LLC
FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses:
5
Call Sign: KB0LHO, Licensee ID: L00876172, Grant Date: 06/11/2004, Expiration Date: 06/11/2014, Registrant: Basil G Tenold, 727 Hunt Ave. #46, St. Helena, CA 94574
Call Sign: N6TXH, Licensee ID: L01431622, Grant Date: 09/17/2008, Expiration Date: 11/04/2018, Registrant: Robert L Hancock Jr, 1831 Crinella Dr., St. Helena, CA 94574
Call Sign: AG6MM, Previous Call Sign: AD4MT, Licensee ID: L00715996, Grant Date: 12/02/2011, Expiration Date: 12/02/2021, Cancellation Date: 12/18/2015, Certifier: Stuart I Clark, Registrant: Stuart I Clark, 1979 Sulphur Springs Ave., St. Helena, CA 94574
Call Sign: WA6BTK, Previous Call Sign: AG6MM, Licensee ID: L00715996, Grant Date: 12/18/2015, Expiration Date: 12/18/2025, Certifier: Stuart I Clark, Registrant: Stuart I Clark, 1979 Sulphur Springs Ave., St. Helena, CA 94574
Call Sign: KG6CYC, Previous Call Sign: K4MTY, Licensee ID: L00279222, Grant Date: 01/05/2016, Expiration Date: 01/05/2026, Certifier: Susan E Clark, Registrant: Susan E Clark, 1979 Sulphur Springs Ave., St. Helena, CA 94574
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Aggregated Statistics For Year 2009 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
5
$489,562
24
$585,945
159
$448,002
8
$229,076
3
$672,457
32
$419,485
1
$39,950
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
1
$296,610
3
$287,960
23
$384,934
0
$0
0
$0
6
$316,920
1
$149,810
APPLICATIONS DENIED
1
$558,270
4
$281,633
46
$506,167
1
$9,990
0
$0
10
$595,025
2
$138,320
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
3
$356,203
34
$646,218
3
$170,113
0
$0
9
$1,224,517
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
7
$594,369
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2008 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$403,470
26
$467,507
72
$497,977
2
$404,475
1
$459,400
26
$546,712
3
$68,910
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
3
$243,683
16
$535,366
0
$0
0
$0
7
$428,870
1
$139,820
APPLICATIONS DENIED
1
$547,290
4
$311,345
36
$453,659
4
$275,890
1
$1,120,540
8
$510,336
7
$85,317
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
2
$516,825
19
$446,208
1
$7,990
0
$0
10
$433,536
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
1
$599,220
9
$522,320
1
$99,870
0
$0
5
$317,386
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2007 (Based on 1 full tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
43
$748,584
123
$563,527
14
$220,570
47
$574,486
4
$75,653
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
9
$511,112
15
$560,937
2
$570,755
6
$712,905
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
14
$448,773
40
$456,656
12
$148,973
8
$576,000
21
$147,570
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
7
$705,796
29
$505,928
1
$69,910
8
$723,559
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
12
$751,355
0
$0
4
$581,493
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2006 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$151,800
81
$648,378
149
$592,082
23
$498,829
6
$824,760
65
$621,775
5
$119,244
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
14
$546,004
18
$492,248
4
$440,428
0
$0
7
$468,961
3
$104,863
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
23
$442,685
29
$478,894
4
$174,023
0
$0
11
$543,746
7
$149,663
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
8
$393,363
28
$591,979
3
$131,497
0
$0
4
$424,448
0
$0
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
2
$507,340
8
$570,258
0
$0
0
$0
1
$335,560
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2005 (Based on 1 full tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
86
$637,403
164
$581,158
25
$394,407
1
$559,270
62
$597,754
5
$102,266
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
14
$604,570
25
$400,519
0
$0
0
$0
7
$685,679
1
$70,910
APPLICATIONS DENIED
24
$570,258
34
$436,314
11
$635,445
1
$998,700
13
$624,188
3
$68,577
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
16
$617,197
27
$661,066
6
$348,213
0
$0
10
$462,897
1
$103,860
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
3
$508,007
16
$481,935
0
$0
0
$0
2
$547,290
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2004 (Based on 1 full tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
94
$540,817
200
$468,086
20
$230,550
2
$1,288,325
61
$509,779
8
$107,860
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
12
$652,234
19
$389,177
0
$0
1
$499,350
4
$1,262,855
0
$0
APPLICATIONS DENIED
14
$456,905
44
$388,177
3
$261,327
0
$0
9
$455,962
5
$176,170
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
14
$414,674
22
$831,100
3
$48,270
0
$0
9
$1,045,750
1
$119,840
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
18
$337,727
1
$3,645,260
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2003 (Based on 1 full tract)
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
81
$541,209
503
$372,434
3
$217,383
1
$554,280
101
$401,468
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
6
$693,763
54
$356,906
3
$169,780
0
$0
6
$296,282
APPLICATIONS DENIED
16
$423,636
61
$403,491
7
$57,781
0
$0
7
$394,344
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
14
$475,881
69
$349,921
2
$80,395
0
$0
15
$351,942
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
10
$394,287
0
$0
0
$0
2
$314,590
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2002 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
0
$0
93
$411,711
333
$380,265
7
$216,719
5
$1,101,366
77
$372,372
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
19
$371,937
30
$323,845
2
$117,345
0
$0
5
$347,948
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
15
$423,715
41
$270,355
2
$74,905
0
$0
14
$379,720
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
1
$197,740
9
$353,318
48
$348,109
4
$139,070
0
$0
4
$306,850
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
0
$0
8
$283,006
0
$0
0
$0
1
$299,610
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2001 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$230,700
75
$382,888
279
$356,565
35
$67,769
0
$0
52
$320,410
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
10
$230,600
25
$305,283
4
$54,928
1
$558,270
4
$216,718
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
23
$279,766
53
$350,412
5
$28,962
0
$0
6
$213,888
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
14
$397,625
43
$298,170
3
$10,653
0
$0
9
$306,379
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
3
$282,963
10
$244,382
0
$0
0
$0
2
$216,220
Aggregated Statistics For Year 2000 (Based on 1 full tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
Number
Average Value
LOANS ORIGINATED
1
$183,760
135
$342,554
69
$326,242
18
$87,941
0
$0
46
$274,708
APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED
0
$0
29
$361,598
14
$497,495
4
$128,583
1
$409,470
8
$411,839
APPLICATIONS DENIED
0
$0
25
$276,081
20
$291,820
7
$110,143
1
$315,590
3
$193,413
APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN
0
$0
18
$315,534
19
$151,645
3
$71,240
0
$0
8
$363,278
FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS
0
$0
5
$441,626
8
$192,624
1
$659,140
0
$0
2
$267,650
Aggregated Statistics For Year 1999 (Based on 1 partial tract)
A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans
B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans
C) Refinancings
D) Home Improvement Loans
E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families
F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)
#8 on the list of "Top 101 cities with largest percentage of females in occupations: Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (population 5,000+)"
#24 on the list of "Top 100 cities with highest ratio of median house value to median household income (pop. 5,000+)"
#83 on the list of "Top 100 cities with highest median house value (pop. 5,000+)"
#93 on the list of "Top 101 cities with largest percentage of males in occupations: Community and social service occupations (population 5,000+)"
#12 on the list of "Top 101 counties with the highest Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Annual air pollution readings in 2012 (µg/m3)"
#18 on the list of "Top 101 counties with the highest Nitrogen Dioxide air pollution readings in 2012 (ppm)"
#40 on the list of "Top 101 counties with the largest decrease in the number of deaths per 1000 residents 2000-2006 to 2007-2013 (pop. 50,000+)"
#55 on the list of "Top 101 counties with the lowest percentage of residents relocating from foreign countries between 2010 and 2011 (pop. 50,000+)"
#56 on the list of "Top 101 counties with the lowest Ozone (1-hour) air pollution readings in 2012 (ppm)"