Franktown, Colorado

Submit your own pictures of this place and show them to the world

  • OSM Map
  • General Map
  • Google Map
  • MSN Map
Population in 2010: 395.
Population change since 2000: +299.0%
Males: 192  (48.6%)
Females: 203  (51.4%)
Median resident age:

45.2 years
Colorado median age:

37.7 years

Zip code: 80116

Estimated median household income in 2022: $-671,428,913 (it was $60,375 in 2000)
Franktown $-671,428,913
CO $89,302

Estimated per capita income in 2022: $108,802 (it was $25,744 in 2000)

Estimated median house or condo value in 2022: over $1,000,000 (it was $343,800 in 2000)
Franktown:

over $1,000,000
CO:

$531,100

Mean prices in 2022: all housing units: over $1,000,000; detached houses: over $1,000,000
March 2022 cost of living index in Franktown: 97.4 (near average, U.S. average is 100)
Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2022: 0.0%
Business Profiles
Profiles of local businesses
Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!

Compare current foreclosures near Franktown, CO:

Check out more offers near Franktown, CO.
Powered by Foreclosure.com
Settings
X
Data:
Loading data...
Based on 2000-2020 data
Loading data...

123
Hide US histogram



According to our research of Colorado and other state lists, there were 2 registered sex offenders living in Franktown, Colorado as of April 25, 2024.
The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Franktown is 134 to 1.


Recent articles from our blog. Our writers, many of them Ph.D. graduates or candidates, create easy-to-read articles on a wide variety of topics.

Latest news from Franktown, CO collected exclusively by city-data.com from local newspapers, TV, and radio stations

Ancestries: German (25.0%), English (12.9%), Scottish (12.9%), Italian (12.1%), Swedish (12.1%), Irish (7.9%).

Current Local Time: MST time zone

Elevation: 6153 feet

Land area: 0.85 square miles.

Population density: 466 people per square mile   (low).

Franktown, Colorado map
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2000:
Franktown CDP:

0.5% ($1,719)
Colorado:

0.7% ($1,132)

Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Centennial, CO (14.6 miles , pop. 100,377).

Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: South Aurora, CO (19.5 miles , pop. 297,828).

Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Phoenix, AZ (574.3 miles , pop. 1,321,045).

Nearest cities:

The Pinery, CO (1.9 miles ),
Castle Rock, CO (2.3 miles ),
Ponderosa Park, CO (2.5 miles ),
Castle Pines North, CO (2.8 miles ),
Elizabeth, CO (2.9 miles ),
Parker, CO (3.0 miles ),
Castle Pines, CO (3.0 miles ),
Stonegate, CO (3.2 miles )

Latitude: 39.39 N, Longitude: 104.75 W

Distribution of median household income in Franktown, CO in 2022
Distribution of house value in Franktown, CO in 2022

Franktown satellite photo by USGS

Unemployment in December 2023:
Here:

3.0%
Colorado:

3.2%

Average climate in Franktown, Colorado

Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations

Franktown, Colorado average temperatures Franktown, Colorado average precipitation Franktown, Colorado humidity Franktown, Colorado wind speed Franktown, Colorado snowfall Franktown, Colorado sunshine Franktown, Colorado clear and cloudy days
Air pollution and air quality trends
(lower is better)
AQI Ozone PM2.5 Pb
Air Quality Index

Air Quality Index (AQI) level in 2023 was 87.3. This is worse than average.

City:

87.3
U.S.:

72.6
Ozone Level

Ozone [ppb] level in 2023 was 43.8. This is worse than average. Closest monitor was 19.8 miles away from the city center.

City:

43.8
U.S.:

33.3
Particulate Matter Level

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) [µg/m3] level in 2023 was 6.22. This is better than average. Closest monitor was 4.0 miles away from the city center.

City:

6.22
U.S.:

8.11
Lead Level

Lead (Pb) [µg/m3] level in 2004 was 0.0120. This is worse than average. Closest monitor was 16.4 miles away from the city center.

City:

0.0120
U.S.:

0.0093

Tornado activity:

Franktown-area historical tornado activity is above Colorado state average. It is 24% greater than the overall U.S. average.

On 6/15/1988, a category F3 (max. wind speeds 158-206 mph) tornado 25.3 miles away from the Franktown place center injured 7 people and caused between $5,000,000 and $50,000,000 in damages.

On 5/18/1975, a category F3 tornado 28.4 miles away from the place center .

Earthquake activity:

Franktown-area historical earthquake activity is significantly above Colorado state average. It is 701% greater than the overall U.S. average.

On 8/18/1959 at 06:37:13, a magnitude 7.7 (7.7 UK, Class: Major, Intensity: VIII - XII) earthquake occurred 469.0 miles away from the city center, causing $26,000,000 total damage
On 8/23/2011 at 05:46:18, a magnitude 5.3 (5.3 MW, Depth: 2.5 mi, Class: Moderate, Intensity: VI - VII) earthquake occurred 161.0 miles away from the city center
On 10/18/1984 at 15:30:23, a magnitude 5.5 (5.4 MB, 5.1 MS, 5.5 ML) earthquake occurred 212.1 miles away from Franktown center
On 10/28/1983 at 14:06:06, a magnitude 7.3 (6.2 MB, 7.3 MS, 7.0 MW) earthquake occurred 568.0 miles away from Franktown center, causing 2 deaths (2 shaking deaths) and 3 injuries, causing $15,000,000 total damage
On 8/10/2005 at 22:08:22, a magnitude 5.0 (5.0 MW, Depth: 3.1 mi) earthquake occurred 169.1 miles away from the city center
On 8/10/2005 at 22:08:22, a magnitude 5.0 (5.0 MB, 4.7 MS, 5.0 MW) earthquake occurred 170.9 miles away from Franktown center
Magnitude types: body-wave magnitude (MB), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)

Natural disasters:

The number of natural disasters in Douglas County (11) is smaller than the US average (15).
Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 4
Emergencies Declared: 4

Causes of natural disasters: Fires: 3, Floods: 3, Snows: 2, Storms: 2, Drought: 1, Heavy Rain: 1, Hurricane: 1, Snowstorm: 1, Tornado: 1, Other: 1 (Note: some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Franktown topographic map

Hospitals and medical centers near Franktown:

  • CASTLE HOME CARE (Home Health Center, about 6 miles away; CASTLE ROCK, CO)
  • BROOKSIDE INN (Nursing Home, about 6 miles away; CASTLE ROCK, CO)
  • CASTLE ROCK CARE CENTER (Nursing Home, about 7 miles away; CASTLE ROCK, CO)
  • COMFORT CARE HOME HEALTH (Home Health Center, about 9 miles away; PARKER, CO)
  • PARKER DIALYSIS (DVA) (Dialysis Facility, about 10 miles away; PARKER, CO)
  • RED HAWK DIALYSIS (DVA) (Dialysis Facility, about 11 miles away; CASTLE ROCK, CO)
  • HERITAGE CLUB AT GREENWOOD VILLAGE-LTC (Nursing Home, about 16 miles away; GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO)

Airports and heliports located in Franktown:

See details about Airports and heliports located in Franktown, CO

Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Franktown:

  • Jones International University (about 15 miles; Centennial, CO; Full-time enrollment: 2,556)
  • Colorado State University-Global Campus (about 17 miles; Greenwood Village, CO; FT enrollment: 3,642)
  • Arapahoe Community College (about 21 miles; Littleton, CO; FT enrollment: 6,619)
  • Community College of Aurora (about 23 miles; Aurora, CO; FT enrollment: 4,730)
  • University of Denver (about 24 miles; Denver, CO; FT enrollment: 9,621)
  • United States Air Force Academy (about 28 miles; USAFA, CO; FT enrollment: 5,088)
  • Emily Griffith Technical College (about 28 miles; Denver, CO; FT enrollment: 2,460)

Public elementary/middle schools in Franktown:

Private elementary/middle schools in Franktown:

  • TRINITY LUTHERAN SCHOOL (Students: 131, Location: 4740 N STATE HIGHWAY 83, Grades: PK-8)
  • CASTLEWOOD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL (Students: 20, Location: 7086 E PARK DR, Grades: KG-8)
See full list of schools located in Franktown

Points of interest:

Click to draw/clear place borders

Notable location: Franktown Fire Protection District Station 181 (A). Display/hide its location on the map

Cemetery: Franktown Cemetery (1). Display/hide its location on the map

Tourist attraction: Rocky Mountain Rare Plants (Botanical Gardens; 1706 Deerpath Road).

Douglas County has a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L (pico curies per liter) - Highest Potential

Drinking water stations with addresses in Franktown and their reported violations in the past:

STAGE COACH INN (Population served: 29, Groundwater):
Past monitoring violations:
  • One regular monitoring violation
Average household size:
This place:

2.6 people
Colorado:

2.5 people

Percentage of family households:
This place:

82.7%
Whole state:

63.9%

Percentage of households with unmarried partners:
This place:

2.7%
Whole state:

6.5%


No gay or lesbian households reported

Banks with branches in Franktown (2011 data):

  • Wells Fargo Bank, National Association: Franktown Office at 2195 N Highway 83, branch established on 1992/05/04. Info updated 2011/04/05: Bank assets: $1,161,490.0 mil, Deposits: $905,653.0 mil, headquarters in Sioux Falls, SD, positive income, 6395 total offices, Holding Company: Wells Fargo & Company

For population 15 years and over in Franktown:

Marital status in Franktown, CO
  • Never married: 8.7%
  • Now married: 91.3%
  • Separated: 0.0%
  • Widowed: 0.0%
  • Divorced: 0.0%

For population 25 years and over in Franktown:

  • High school or higher: 92.6%
  • Bachelor's degree or higher: 45.7%
  • Graduate or professional degree: 26.7%
  • Unemployed: 12.5%
  • Mean travel time to work (commute): 30.0 minutes
Educational Attainment in 2022
School Enrollment by Level of School in 2022
Education Gini index (Inequality in education)
Here:

9.2
Colorado average:

11.1

Means of transportation to work in 2022 - Franktown
Presidential Elections Results

Graphs represent county-level data. Detailed 2008 Election Results

Religion statistics for Franktown, CO (based on Douglas County data)

Religions Adherents in 2010
Religions Adherents - Change between 2000 and 2010
ReligionAdherentsCongregations
Evangelical Protestant50,82786
Catholic22,3604
Other13,64934
Mainline Protestant13,18212
Orthodox--
None185,447-
Source: Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale E.Jones, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley and Richard H.Taylor. 2012. 2010 U.S.Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center. Graphs represent county-level data

Food Environment Statistics:

Number of grocery stores: 22
Douglas County:

0.81 / 10,000 pop.
Colorado:

1.50 / 10,000 pop.
Number of supercenters and club stores: 4
Douglas County:

0.15 / 10,000 pop.
Colorado:

0.15 / 10,000 pop.
Number of convenience stores (no gas): 3
Douglas County:

0.11 / 10,000 pop.
State:

0.45 / 10,000 pop.
Number of convenience stores (with gas): 52
Douglas County:

1.92 / 10,000 pop.
State:

3.13 / 10,000 pop.
Number of full-service restaurants: 173
Douglas County:

6.38 / 10,000 pop.
Colorado:

8.99 / 10,000 pop.
Adult diabetes rate:
This county:

3.6%
State:

5.3%
Adult obesity rate:
Douglas County:

16.0%
Colorado:

18.4%
Low-income preschool obesity rate:
Douglas County:

7.0%
State:

9.6%

Health and Nutrition:

Healthy diet rate:
Franktown:

43.3%
Colorado:

49.4%

Average overall health of teeth and gums:
This city:

45.2%
Colorado:

47.8%

Average BMI:
Here:

27.9
State:

28.5

People feeling badly about themselves:
Here:

13.3%
Colorado:

20.7%

People not drinking alcohol at all:
This city:

13.5%
Colorado:

9.7%

Average hours sleeping at night:
This city:

7.0
Colorado:

6.8

Overweight people:
Franktown:

23.4%
State:

33.3%

General health condition:
Franktown:

52.6%
Colorado:

57.3%

Average condition of hearing:
This city:

89.4%
Colorado:

80.2%

More about Health and Nutrition of Franktown, CO Residents

12.60% of this county's 2021 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2020 ($109,095 average adjusted gross income)

Here:

12.60%
Colorado average:

11.28%

0.03% of residents moved from foreign countries ($228 average AGI)
Douglas County:

0.03%
Colorado average:

0.05%

Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2020 and 2021:
from Arapahoe County, CO  2.98% ($95,581 average AGI)
from Denver County, CO  1.72% ($107,447)
from Jefferson County, CO  1.20% ($101,703)


10.65% of this county's 2020 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2021 ($99,710 average adjusted gross income)

Here:

10.65%
Colorado average:

11.05%

0.02% of residents moved to foreign countries ($200 average AGI)
Douglas County:

0.02%
Colorado average:

0.03%

Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2020 and 2021:
to Arapahoe County, CO  2.10% ($81,282 average AGI)
to Denver County, CO  1.06% ($88,181)
to Jefferson County, CO  0.72% ($81,041)

Businesses in Franktown, CO

  • FedEx: 1
  • UPS: 1

Strongest AM radio stations in Franktown:

  • KOA (850 AM; 50 kW; DENVER, CO; Owner: JACOR BROADCASTING OF COLORADO, INC.)
  • KMXA (1090 AM; 50 kW; AURORA, CO; Owner: ENTRAVISION HOLDINGS, LLC)
  • KCUV (1510 AM; 25 kW; LITTLETON, CO; Owner: PEOPLE WIRELESS, INC.)
  • KLTT (670 AM; 50 kW; COMMERCE CITY, CO; Owner: KLZ RADIO, INC.)
  • KNRC (1150 AM; 10 kW; ENGLEWOOD, CO; Owner: NRC BROADCASTING, INC.)
  • KKZN (760 AM; 50 kW; THORNTON, CO; Owner: JACOR BROADCASTING OF COLORADO, INC.)
  • KEZW (1430 AM; 10 kW; AURORA, CO; Owner: ENTERCOM DENVER LICENSE, LLC)
  • KADZ (1550 AM; 10 kW; ARVADA, CO; Owner: ABC, INC.)
  • KDDZ (1690 AM; 10 kW; ARVADA, CO; Owner: ABC, INC.)
  • KBNO (1280 AM; 5 kW; DENVER, CO; Owner: LATINO COMMUNICATIONS, LLC)
  • KRKS (990 AM; 10 kW; DENVER, CO; Owner: SALEM MEDIA OF COLORADO, INC.)
  • KVOR (740 AM; 3 kW; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY)
  • KCBR (1040 AM; daytime; 15 kW; MONUMENT, CO; Owner: KLZ RADIO, INC.)

Strongest FM radio stations in Franktown:

  • KJMN (92.1 FM; CASTLE ROCK, CO; Owner: ENTRAVISION HOLDINGS, LLC)
  • KQMT (99.5 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: ENTERCOM DENVER LICENSE, LLC)
  • KXKL-FM (105.1 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: INFINITY RADIO OPERATIONS INC.)
  • KALC (105.9 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: ENTERCOM DENVER LICENSE, LLC)
  • KBPI (106.7 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: JACOR BROADCASTING OF COLORADO, INC.)
  • KOSI (101.1 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: ENTERCOM DENVER LICENSE, LLC)
  • KKFM (98.1 FM; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY)
  • KBIQ (102.7 FM; MANITOU SPRINGS, CO; Owner: BISON MEDIA, INC.)
  • KKCS-FM (101.9 FM; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: WALTON STATIONS - COLORADO, INC.)
  • KRCC (91.5 FM; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: THE COLORADO COLLEGE)
  • KAVD (103.1 FM; LIMON, CO; Owner: THE MEADOWLARK GROUP, INC.)
  • KFMD (95.7 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L.P.)
  • KLDV (91.1 FM; MORRISON, CO; Owner: EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOUNDATION)
  • KRFX (103.5 FM; DENVER, CO; Owner: JACOR BROADCASTING OF COLORADO, INC.)
  • KSKX (105.5 FM; SECURITY, CO; Owner: OPTIMA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.)
  • KKLI (106.3 FM; WIDEFIELD, CO; Owner: CAPSTAR TX LIMITED PARTNERSHIP)
  • KGFT (100.7 FM; PUEBLO, CO; Owner: BISON MEDIA, INC)
  • KTLF (90.5 FM; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF COLORADO SPRINGS, INC.)
  • KMOM (96.1 FM; FOUNTAIN, CO; Owner: AMFM TEXAS LICENSES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP)
  • KSPZ (92.9 FM; COLORADO SPRINGS, CO; Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY)

TV broadcast stations around Franktown:

  • KWHD (Channel 53; CASTLE ROCK, CO; Owner: LESEA BROADCASTING CORPORATION)
  • KMGH-TV (Channel 7; DENVER, CO; Owner: MCGRAW-HILL BROADCASTING COMPANY, INC.)
  • K48FW (Channel 48; DENVER, CO; Owner: TRINITY BROADCASTING NETWORK)
  • KDEO-LP (Channel 38; AURORA, CO; Owner: PETER B. VAN DE SANDE)
  • KRMA-TV (Channel 6; DENVER, CO; Owner: ROCKY MOUNTAIN PUBLIC BROADCASTING NETWORK, INC.)
  • KUSA-TV (Channel 9; DENVER, CO; Owner: MULTIMEDIA HOLDINGS CORPORATION)
  • KTVD (Channel 20; DENVER, CO; Owner: TWENVER BROADCAST, INC.)
  • KCNC-TV (Channel 4; DENVER, CO; Owner: CBS TELEVISION STATIONS INC.)
  • KDEV-LP (Channel 62; AURORA, CO; Owner: TIGER EYE BROADCASTING CORPORATION)
  • Franktown, Colorado
  • Fatal accident count16
  • Vehicles involved in fatal accidents26
  • Fatal accidents involving drunk persons:5
  • Fatalities20
  • Persons involved in fatal accidents39
  • Pedestrians involved in fatal accidents2
  • Colorado average
  • Fatal accident count5824
  • Vehicles involved in fatal accidents8881
  • Fatal accidents involving drunk persons2152
  • Fatalities6505
  • Persons involved in fatal accidents15639
  • Pedestrians involved in fatal accidents794
See more detailed statistics of Franktown fatal car crashes and road traffic accidents for 1975 - 2021 here
  • National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics
  • 6Number of bridges
  • 92ft / 28.3mTotal length
  • $2,916,000Total costs
  • 30,350Total average daily traffic
  • 1,411Total average daily truck traffic
  • 42,145Total future (year 2040) average daily traffic

FCC Registered Cell Phone Towers:

2
  • 12327 S. State Hwy 83 (Lat: 39.183861 Lon: -104.732917), Type: Tower, Structure height: 12.8 m, Call Sign: KNKA220
    Assigned Frequencies: 880.020 MHz, 880.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 846.510 MHz, 846.510 MHzGrant Date: 08/26/2014, Expiration Date: 10/01/2024, Certifier: Gregory M RomanoRegistrant: Verizon, 1300 I St Nw - Suite 500 East, Washington, DC 20005, Phone: (202) 515-2453, Email:

  • 4680 State Hwy 86 (Lat: 39.388889 Lon: -104.790528), Type: Pole, Structure height: 4.1 m, Call Sign: KNKA220
    Assigned Frequencies: 880.020 MHz, 880.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 846.510 MHz, 846.510 MHzGrant Date: 08/26/2014, Expiration Date: 10/01/2024, Certifier: Gregory M RomanoRegistrant: Verizon, 1300 I St Nw - Suite 500 East, Washington, DC 20005, Phone: (202) 515-2453, Email:


FCC Registered Broadcast Land Mobile Towers:

2
  • Lat: 39.415556 Lon: -104.761111, Call Sign: WPSY566,
    Assigned Frequencies: 463.275 MHz, 461.775 MHz, Grant Date: 09/29/2011, Expiration Date: 08/08/2021, Cancellation Date: 10/09/2021, Certifier: Barbara Gaudreault, Registrant: Business Radio Licensing, 30251 Golden Lantern, Suite E #501, Laguna Niguel, CA 92677, Phone: (949) 348-8510, Fax: (949) 348-8514, Email:

  • West Cherry Creek Wx (Lat: 39.262139 Lon: -104.709306), Type: Mast, Structure height: 3 m, Overall height: 4.5 m, Call Sign: WRDA769,
    Assigned Frequencies: 171.100 MHz, Grant Date: 03/14/2019, Expiration Date: 03/14/2029, Certifier: Thomas R Repp, Registrant: Water & Earth Technologies, 1225 Red Cedar Circle, Ste A, Fort Collins, CO 80524, Phone: (970) 225-6080, Fax: (970) 225-6990, Email:


FCC Registered Microwave Towers:

19 (See the full list of FCC Registered Microwave Towers in this town)

FCC Registered Paging Towers:

2 (See the full list of FCC Registered Paging Towers)

FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers:

1 (See the full list of FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers)

FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses:

55 (See the full list of FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses in Franktown)

FAA Registered Aircraft:

20 (See the full list of FAA Registered Aircraft in Franktown)

2002 - 2018 National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) incidents

    Fire incident distribution by year According to the data from the years 2002 - 2018 the average number of fires per year is 17. The highest number of reported fire incidents - 37 took place in 2006, and the least - 1 in 2002. The data has an increasing trend.
    Fire incident types in Franktown, CO When looking into fire subcategories, the most incidents belonged to: Outside Fires (56.0%), and Structure Fires (29.4%).

    • Fire incident types reported to NFIRS in Franktown, CO
    • 15856.0%Outside Fires
    • 8329.4%Structure Fires
    • 3612.8%Mobile Property/Vehicle Fires
    • 51.8%Other
See full National Fire Incident Reporting System statistics for Franktown, CO
Most commonly used house heating fuel in houses and condos in Franktown, CO
  • 100.0%Utility gas


Franktown compared to Colorado state average:

  • Median household income significantly below state average.
  • Median house value above state average.
  • Black race population percentage significantly below state average.
  • Hispanic race population percentage significantly below state average.
  • Median age significantly above state average.
  • Foreign-born population percentage significantly below state average.
  • Renting percentage below state average.
  • Length of stay since moving in significantly above state average.
  • Number of rooms per house significantly above state average.
  • House age below state average.
  • Number of college students significantly above state average.
There are 59 pilots and 33 other airmen in this city.
Cost of Living Calculator
Top Patent Applicants
Top Patent Applicants
  • John M. Egan, Jr. (11)
  • Val C. Dean (4)
  • Anne R. Sand (3)
  • Robert Nelson (3)
  • Robert E. Nelson (3)
  • Terri Anuszewski (3)
  • Peter M. Karas (2)
  • Cameron Fitch (2)
  • Kelly Ann Shaw (2)
  • Alan Erickson (1)

Total of 45 patent applications in 2008-2024.