All U.S. Cities  
City-Data Forum City-Data

Pasquotank County, North Carolina (NC)



Back to: North Carolina, North Carolina smaller cities, North Carolina smallest towns, All US cities.

Pasquotank County, NC mapCounty population in July 2007: 40,543 (55% urban, 45% rural)
County owner-occupied houses and condos: 8,483
Renter-occupied apartments: 4,424
% of renters here:  34%
State:  31%
Land area: 227 sq. mi.
Water area: 62.6 sq. mi.
Population density: 154 people per square mile 
 
 (average).

Residents with income below the poverty level in 1999:
This county:  18.4%
Whole state:  12.3%

Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 1999:
This county:  8.3%
Whole state:  5.5%

2008 cost of living index in Pasquotank County: 83.6 (less than average, U.S. average is 100)

We are giving away a $200 prize - enter simply by sending us your own pictures of this county!

Industries providing employment: Educational,health and social services (25.2%), Retail trade (14.1%).

Type of workers:

  • Private wage or salary: 66%
  • Government: 27%
  • Self-employed, not incorporated: 7%
  • Unpaid family work: 1%

Pasquotank County, North Carolina business data: stores, dealers, real estate agents, wholesalers, restaurants...

Races in Pasquotank County, North Carolina:

  • White Non-Hispanic (56.4%)
  • Black (40.0%)
  • Two or more races (1.3%)
  • Hispanic (1.2%)
  • American Indian (0.9%)

Median resident age:  35.9 years
North Carolina median age:  35.3 years

Males: 16,890  (48.4%)
Females: 18,007  (51.6%)
Average wage per job in 2003: $26,454
County population in 2003: 36,072
Jobs in 2003: 17,621

Pasquotank County,NC real estate house value trend


Total labor force in 2004: 16,742
Unemployment rate in 2004: 4.6%

Average household size:
Pasquotank County:  2.5 people
North Carolina:  2.5 people

Estimated median household income in 2005: $31,644 ($30,444 in 2000)
This county  $31,644
North Carolina:  $40,729

Estimated median house/condo value in 2005: $113,881
Pasquotank County  $113,881
North Carolina:  $127,600

Median monthly rent in 2000: $493
Institutionalized population: 1,250
Median monthly costs for houses with a mortgage in Pasquotank County in 2000: $879


Crime in 2005 (reported by the sheriff's office or county police, not the county total):

  • Murders: 0
  • Rapes: 2
  • Robberies: 2
  • Assaults: 16
  • Burglaries: 147
  • Thefts: 209
  • Auto thefts: 29

Crime in 2004 (reported by the sheriff's office or county police, not the county total):

  • Murders: 0
  • Rapes: 2
  • Robberies: 3
  • Assaults: 23
  • Burglaries: 147
  • Thefts: 218
  • Auto thefts: 17

Pasquotank County races chart


Pasquotank County, NC map from a distance

Single-family new house construction building permits:
  • 2000: 108 buildings, average cost: $90,800
  • 2001: 144 buildings, average cost: $102,200
  • 2002: 207 buildings, average cost: $98,900
  • 2003: 215 buildings, average cost: $113,400
  • 2004: 429 buildings, average cost: $119,800

Number of permits per 10,000 residents


Average cost (in 1000s)




2004 Presidential Election results in Pasquotank County North Carolina:


Kerry/Edwards (Democratic): 51.2%
Bush/Cheney (Republican): 48.4%




Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2000: $779 (0.9%)

Fair market rent in 2006 for a 1-bedroom apartment in Pasquotank County is $473 a month.
Fair market rent for a 2-bedroom apartment is $563 a month.
Fair market rent for a 3-bedroom apartment is $817 a month.

Cities in this county include: Elizabeth City.

Neighboring counties: Camden County , Gates County , Perquimans County .


Pasquotank County close-up map

Click to draw/clear county borders

Notable locations in this county outside city limits:

Notable locations in Pasquotank County: Meads Corner (A), Four Forks (B), Tadmore (C), Pine Lakes Country Club (D), Frog Island Fishing Club (E), Mount Herman (F), Possum Quarter Landing (G), Wades Bluff (H). Display/hide their locations on the map

Churches in Pasquotank County include: Moses Temple (A), Mount Zion Church (B), Union Church (C), Union Chapel (D), Mount Hermon Church (E), Mount Carmel Church (F), Berea Church (G), Bethel Church (H), Symonds Creek Tabernacle (I). Display/hide their locations on the map

Cemeteries: West Lawn Cemetery (1), Memory Gardens (2). Display/hide their locations on the map

Gray Swamp (A). Display/hide its location on the map

Creeks: Pailin Creek (A), Little Flatty Creek (B), Chapel Creek (C), Matthews Creek (D), Symonds Creek (E), Big Flatty Creek (F), Mill Dam Creek (G), Mill Pond Creek (H), Joes Island Creek (I). Display/hide their locations on the map

Park in Pasquotank County: Lions Club Park (1). Display/hide its location on the map

 
Unemployment in September 2007:
Here:  4.4%
North Carolina:  4.5%


Unemployment by year (%)


County total employment by year


County average yearly wages by year ($)


Current college students: 2,936
People 25 years of age or older with a high school degree or higher: 76.8%
People 25 years of age or older with a bachelor's degree or higher: 16.4%

Number of foreign born residents: 794 (47% naturalized citizens)

Pasquotank County:  2.3%
Whole state:  5.3%

Year of entry for the foreign-born population
  • 1995 to March 2000: 265
  • 1990 to 1994: 91
  • 1985 to 1989: 114
  • 1980 to 1984: 36
  • 1975 to 1979: 41
  • 1970 to 1974: 103
  • 1970 to 1974: 29
  • 1965 to 1969: 115


Mean travel time to work: 22.8 minutes

Percentage of county residents living and working in this county: 77.1%

Pasquotank County marital status for males
Pasquotank County marital status for females

Housing units in structures:

  • One, detached: 9,450
  • One, attached: 290
  • Two: 713
  • 3 or 4: 678
  • 5 to 9: 465
  • 10 to 19: 260
  • 20 or more: 167
  • Mobile homes: 2,249
  • Boats, RVs, vans, etc.: 17

Housing units in Pasquotank County with a mortgage: 4,196 (458 second mortgage, 641 home equity loan, 16 both second mortgage and home equity loan)
Houses without a mortgage: 2,209


Agriculture in Pasquotank County
Average size of farms: 633 acres
Average value of agricultural products sold per farm: $220622
Average value of crops sold per acre for harvested cropland: $364.19
The value of livestock, poultry, and their products as a percentage of the total market value of agricultural products sold: 1.87%
Average total farm production expenses per farm: $197581
Harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms: 93.87%
Irrigated harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms: 0.78%
Average market value of all machinery and equipment per farm: $140737
The percentage of farms operated by a family or individual: 89.17%
Average age of principal farm operators: 53 years
Average number of cattle and calves per 100 acres of all land in farms: 0.70
Milk cows as a percentage of all cattle and calves: 5.05%
Corn for grain: 23095 harvested acres
All wheat for grain: 19155 harvested acres
Upland cotton: 3152 harvested acres
Soybeans for beans: 54571 harvested acres
Vegetables: 3428 harvested acres

Pasquotank County historical area-adjusted tornado activity is significantly above North Carolina state average. It is 2.7 times above overall U.S. average.
Tornadoes in this county have caused 49 injuries recorded between 1950 and 2004.
On 11/23/1992, a category 3 (max. wind speeds 158-206 mph) tornado injured 44 people and caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.



Class of Workers



Most common industries for males:



  • Construction (15%)
  • Public administration (12%)
  • Educational services (7%)
  • Accommodation and food services (6%)
  • Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (5%)
  • Transportation equipment (5%)
  • Repair and maintenance (4%)


Most common industries for females:



  • Health care (18%)
  • Educational services (17%)
  • Accommodation and food services (9%)
  • Public administration (7%)
  • Department and other general merchandise stores (5%)
  • Food and beverage stores (4%)
  • Social assistance (4%)


Most common occupations for males



  • Electrical equipment mechanics and other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations including supervisors (6%)
  • Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers (6%)
  • Driver/sales workers and truck drivers (5%)
  • Other sales and related workers including supervisors (5%)
  • Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (4%)
  • Construction trades workers except carpenters, electricians, painters, plumbers, and construction laborers (4%)
  • Carpenters (3%)


Most common occupations for females



  • Secretaries and administrative assistants (7%)
  • Preschool, kindergarten, elementary and middle school teachers (5%)
  • Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (5%)
  • Cashiers (5%)
  • Other sales and related workers including supervisors (4%)
  • Other office and administrative support workers including supervisors (4%)
  • Registered nurses (4%)


Most common places of birth for the foreign-born residents:



  • Mexico (17%)
  • Vietnam (15%)
  • India (7%)
  • China, excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan (6%)
  • Dominican Republic (6%)
  • Canada (6%)
  • United Kingdom (6%)


Most common first ancestries reported in Pasquotank County:



  • United States or American (17%)
  • English (10%)
  • German (6%)
  • Irish (6%)
  • Scotch-Irish (2%)
  • Italian (2%)
  • Scottish (2%)

Pasquotank County mode of transportation to work chart

Means of transportation to work

  • Drove a car alone: 10,926 (75%)
  • Carpooled: 2,493 (17%)
  • Bus or trolley bus: 24 (0%)
  • Taxi: 189 (1%)
  • Motorcycle: 29 (0%)
  • Bicycle: 42 (0%)
  • Walked: 422 (3%)
  • Other means: 207 (1%)
  • Worked at home: 220 (2%)

People in group quarters in Pasquotank County, North Carolina
  • 975 people in college dormitories (includes college quarters off campus)
  • 830 people in state prisons
  • 318 people in nursing homes
  • 171 people in other noninstitutional group quarters
  • 99 people in local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups)
  • 33 people in military barracks, etc.
  • 5 people in homes for the mentally retarded
  • 3 people in wards in general hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere

Average gross adjusted income of non-migrant taxpayers in this county in 2005 was $44,135.

10.44% of this county's 2006 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2005 ($38,388 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  10.44%
North Carolina average:  8.53%

0.17% of residents moved from foreign countries ($762 average AGI)
Pasquotank County:  0.17%
North Carolina average:  0.17%

3.82% relocated from other counties in North Carolina ($12,333 average AGI)
6.44% relocated from other states ($25,293 average AGI)
Pasquotank County:  6.44%
North Carolina average:  4.34%



Percentage of residents relocating from other counties or countries


Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2005 and 2006:
from Virginia Beach city, VA  1.02% ($47,415 average AGI)
from Camden County, NC  0.83% ($31,809)
from Chesapeake city, VA  0.69% ($43,396)
from Perquimans County, NC  0.67% ($29,618)
from Currituck County, NC  0.57% ($36,303)
from Norfolk city, VA  0.29% ($40,316)
from Dare County, NC  0.23% ($26,065)


8.16% of this county's 2005 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2006 ($33,365 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  8.16%
North Carolina average:  7.27%

0.13% of residents moved to foreign countries ($453 average AGI)
Pasquotank County:  0.13%
North Carolina average:  0.10%

4.32% relocated to other counties in North Carolina ($17,576 average AGI)
3.71% relocated to other states ($15,336 average AGI)
Pasquotank County:  3.71%
North Carolina average:  3.10%



Percentage of residents relocating to other counties or countries


Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2005 and 2006:
to Perquimans County, NC  0.89% ($34,530 average AGI)
to Camden County, NC  0.58% ($40,907)
to Wake County, NC  0.37% ($29,208)
to Chowan County, NC  0.30% ($29,513)
to Currituck County, NC  0.30% ($29,026)
to Pitt County, NC  0.29% ($32,676)
to Virginia Beach city, VA  0.23% ($35,900)

Births per 1000 population from 1990 to 1999: 13.6
Births per 1000 population from 2000 to 2003: 13.4



Births per 1000 population in Pasquotank County

Deaths per 1000 population from 1990 to 1999: 10.3
Deaths per 1000 population from 2000 to 2003: 10.4



Deaths per 1000 population in Pasquotank County

Infant deaths per 1000 live births from 1990 to 1999: 16.1
Infant deaths per 1000 live births from 2000 to 2003: 7.9



Infant deaths per 1000 live births in Pasquotank County

Persons enrolled in hospital insurance and/or supplemental medical insurance (Medicare) in July 1, 2003: 5,644 (4,676 aged, 968 disabled)
Population without health insurance coverage in 2000: 15%
Children under 18 without health insurance coverage in 2000: 11%

Short term general hospitals per 100,000 population in 2004: 2.72
Short term general hospital admissions per 100,000 population in 2004: 21895.89
Short term general hospital beds per 100,000 population in 2004: 407.540
Emergency room visits per 100,000 population in 2004: 82035.54

General practice office based MDs per 100,000 population in 2005: 1439.770
Medical specialist MDs per 100,000 population in 2005: 1013.850
Dentists per 100,000 population in 1998: 5.23

Total births per 100,000 population, July 2005 - July 2006 : 28.19
Total deaths per 100,000 population, July 2005 - July 2006: 91.46

Limited-service eating places per 100,000 population in 2005 : 2.61

EPA green book nonattainment status in 2004-2006: 1


Household type by relationship


Households: 32,465
  • In family households: 27,968 (6,298 male householders, 2,816 female householders)
    6,422 spouses, 9,981 children (9,062 natural, 218 adopted, 701 stepchildren), 781 grandchildren, 227 brothers or sisters, 226 parents, 455 other relatives, 762 non-relatives
  • In nonfamily households: 4,497 (1,629 male householders (1,275 living alone)), 2,182 female householders (1,996 living alone)), 686 nonrelatives
  • In group quarters: 2,432 (1,231 institutionalized population)

Size of family households: 3,875 2-persons, 2,334 3-persons, 1,804 4-persons, 725 5-persons, 257 6-persons, 119 7-or-more-persons.

Size of nonfamily households: 3,271 1-person, 433 2-persons, 79 3-persons, 28 4-persons.

96.0% of residents of Pasquotank County speak English at home.
2.3% of residents speak Spanish at home (51% speak English very well, 23% speak English well, 25% speak English not well, 2% don't speak English at all).
0.8% of residents speak other Indo-European language at home (65% speak English very well, 20% speak English well, 15% speak English not well).
0.9% of residents speak Asian or Pacific Island language at home (42% speak English very well, 29% speak English well, 21% speak English not well, 8% don't speak English at all).
0.1% of residents speak other language at home (100% speak English very well).

In fiscal year 2004:
Federal Government expenditure: $357,696,000 ($9718 per capita)
Department of Defense expenditure: $62,991,000
Federal direct payments to individuals for retirement and disability: $110,750,000
Federal other direct payments to individuals: $51,677,000
Federal direct payments not to individuals: $5,755,000
Federal grants: $48,960,000
Federal procurement contracts: $73,169,000 ($49,681,000 Department of Defense)
Federal salaries and wages: $67,386,000 ($366,000 Department of Defense)
Federal Government direct loans: $8,893,000
Federal guaranteed/insured loans: $27,783,000
Federal Government insurance: $232,074,000

Population change from April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005:
Births: 2,616
Here:  68 per 1000 residents
State:  72 per 1000 residents

Deaths: 1,936
Here:  51 per 1000 residents
State:  44 per 1000 residents

Net international migration: +165
Here:  +4 per 1000 residents
State:  +18 per 1000 residents

Net internal migration: +2,602
Here:  +68 per 1000 residents
State:  +27 per 1000 residents



Population growth in Pasquotank County

Total withdrawal of fresh water for public supply: 5.22 millions of gallons per day (all from ground)

Median number of rooms in houses and condos:
Here:  6.1
State:  5.9

Median number of rooms in apartments:
Here:  4.7
State:  4.3



Year house built:

  • 1999 to March 2000: 300
  • 1995 to 1998: 1,349
  • 1990 to 1994: 1,582
  • 1980 to 1989: 2,422
  • 1970 to 1979: 2,298
  • 1960 to 1969: 1,787
  • 1950 to 1959: 1,758
  • 1940 to 1949: 1,147
  • 1939 or earlier: 1,646

Rooms in owner-occupied houses in Pasquotank County, North Carolina:
  • 1 room: 8
  • 2 rooms: 23
  • 3 rooms: 203
  • 4 rooms: 671
  • 5 rooms: 1,952
  • 6 rooms: 2,278
  • 7 rooms: 1,623
  • 8 rooms: 987
  • 9+ rooms: 738


Rooms in renter-occupied apartments in Pasquotank County, North Carolina:
  • 1 room: 49
  • 2 rooms: 221
  • 3 rooms: 628
  • 4 rooms: 1,138
  • 5 rooms: 1,144
  • 6 rooms: 724
  • 7 rooms: 310
  • 8 rooms: 123
  • 9+ rooms: 87


Bedrooms in owner-occupied houses and condos in Pasquotank County:
  • no bedroom: 8
  • 1 bedroom: 108
  • 2 bedrooms: 1,691
  • 3 bedrooms: 5,042
  • 4 bedrooms: 1,428
  • 5+ bedrooms: 206


Bedrooms in renter-occupied apartments in Pasquotank County:
  • no bedroom: 80
  • 1 bedroom: 792
  • 2 bedrooms: 1,706
  • 3 bedrooms: 1,602
  • 4 bedrooms: 213
  • 5+ bedrooms: 31


Cars and other vehicles available in Pasquotank County in owner-occupied houses/condos:
  • no vehicle: 626
  • 1 vehicle: 2,194
  • 2 vehicles: 3,718
  • 3 vehicles: 1,447
  • 4 vehicles: 423
  • 5+ vehicles: 75


Cars and other vehicles available in Pasquotank County in renter-occupied apartments
  • no vehicle: 1,038
  • 1 vehicle: 2,030
  • 2 vehicles: 1,023
  • 3 vehicles: 251
  • 4 vehicles: 82
  • 5+ vehicles: 0


54% of Pasquotank County residents lived in the same house 5 years ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 49% lived in this county.
   Out of people who lived in different counties, 45% lived in North Carolina.

Pasquotank County:  54.0%
State average:  54.4%


Place of birth for U.S.-born residents:

  • This state: 23112
  • Northeast: 2907
  • Midwest: 1200
  • South: 5748
  • West: 770

Median price asked for vacant for-sale houses in 2000: $64,000


Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities: 1%

Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities: 1%


Year Householders Moved Into Unit:

 

Most commonly used house heating fuel in houses and condos:
  • Electricity (49%)
  • Bottled, tank, or LP gas (25%)
  • Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (22%)
  • Wood (1%)
  • Utility gas (1%)
  • Other fuel (1%)

Most commonly used house heating fuel in apartments:
  • Electricity (64%)
  • Bottled, tank, or LP gas (17%)
  • Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (16%)
  • Utility gas (1%)
  • No fuel used (1%)
  • Other fuel (1%)



Private vs. public school enrollment:
Students in private schools in grades 1 to 8 (elementary and middle school): 231
Here:  5.5%
North Carolina:  8.2%

Students in private schools in grades 9 to 12 (high school): 74
Here:  3.6%
North Carolina:  6.9%

Students in private undergraduate colleges: 404
Here:  15.0%
North Carolina:  20.2%


Educational Attainment


School Enrollment by Level of School



Age and Sex of Sensory-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)


Age and Sex of Physically-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)



Age and Sex of Mentally-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)


Age and Sex of Self-Care Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)



Age and Sex of Go-Outside-Home Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)


Age and Sex of Residents with Employment Disability (Noninst.)


Pasquotank County government finances in 2004:
  • Charges - Hospital Public: $76,037,000
    All Other: $31,140,000
    Solid Waste Management: $2,389,000
    Higher Education - Other: $2,249,000
    Sewerage: $1,674,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education School Lunch: $1,125,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education - Other: $241,000
    Parks & Recreation: $61,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education School Tuition: $3,000
  • Construction - Higher Education - Other: $3,635,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education: $1,130,000
    General: $769,000
    Health - Other: $136,000
  • Current Operations - Own Hospitals: $49,424,000
    Health Services - Other: $45,769,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education: $39,846,000
    Other Higher Education: $14,868,000
    Solid Waste Management: $4,927,000
    Welfare - Other: $3,200,000
    Welfare, Cash Assistance - Other: $2,497,000
    Police Protection: $2,382,000
    General - Other: $2,305,000
    Liquor Stores: $1,370,000
    Libraries: $766,000
    Sewerage: $716,000
    Financial Administration: $687,000
    Central Staff Services: $664,000
    General Public Buildings: $509,000
    Fire Protection: $383,000
    Housing & Community Development: $314,000
    Water Utilities: $307,000
    Corrections - Other: $283,000
    Natural Resources - Other: $241,000
    Parks & Recreation: $217,000
    Judicial and Legal Services: $151,000
    Protective Inspection and Regulation, NEC: $108,000
  • Federal Intergovernmental - Health & Hospitals: $1,028,000
    All Other: $580,000
    Education: $94,000
  • General - Interest on Debt: $2,908,000
  • Intergovernmental to Local NEC - General: $1,382,000
    Health: $116,000
  • Intergovernmental to State - Welfare: $2,296,000
  • Local Intergovernmental - Health & Hospitals: $4,886,000
    All Other: $569,000
    General Support: $33,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding - Industrial Revenue: $1,900,000
    Water Utilities: $1,650,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding, Education, NEC: $21,774,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding, NEC: $21,230,000
  • Long Term Debt Issue, Unspecified - Other NEC: $302,000
  • Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith & Credit - Elementary & Secondary Education: $20,892,000
  • Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Other, NEC: $19,870,000
    Industrial Revenue: $1,700,000
    Water Utilities: $1,339,000
  • Long Term Debt Retired Nonguaranteed - Industrial Revenue: $200,000
  • Long Term Debt Retired Unspecified - Other, NEC: $1,662,000
    Elementary and Secondary Education: $882,000
    Water Utilities: $311,000
  • Miscellaneous - General Revenue, NEC: $3,020,000
    Interest Earnings: $1,765,000
    Rents: $1,149,000
    Property Sale Other: $136,000
    Special Assessments: $28,000
  • Other Capital Outlay - Health - Other: $622,000
    Elementary and Secondary Education: $557,000
    Other Higher Education: $366,000
    Water Utilities: $347,000
    Police Protection: $139,000
    Welfare - Other: $112,000
    Central Staff: $74,000
    General - Other: $70,000
    Solid Waste Management: $49,000
    Natural Resource - Other: $30,000
    Libraries: $8,000
    General Public Building: $1,000
    Judicial: $1,000
    Parks & Recreation: $1,000
    Financial Administration: $1,000
  • Other Funds - Cash & Deposits: $76,828,000
  • Revenue - Liquor Stores: $1,585,000
    Water Utilities: $717,000
  • Sinking Fund - Cash & Deposits: $1,700,000
  • State Intergovernmental - Education: $45,485,000
    Health & Hospitals: $12,044,000
    Public Welfare: $4,134,000
    All Other: $1,498,000
    Housing & Community Development: $279,000
    General Support: $226,000
  • Tax - Property: $14,846,000
    Total General Sales: $7,796,000
    NEC: $740,000
    Alcoholic Beverage Sales: $164,000
    Other Selective Sales: $118,000
  • Total Salaries & Wages: $98,218,000
  • Water Utilities - Interest on Debt: $99,000


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Total Number Of Recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of aged recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of blind and disabled recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients under 18


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients between 18 and 64