All U.S. Cities  
City-Data Forum City-Data

Pickett County, Tennessee (TN)



Back to: Tennessee, Tennessee smaller cities, Tennessee smallest towns, All US cities.

  • General Map
  • Google Map
  • MSN Map
Pickett County, TN map


County population in July 2007: 4,762 (all rural)
County owner-occupied houses and condos: 1,762
Renter-occupied apartments: 329
% of renters here:  16%
State:  30%
Land area: 163 sq. mi.
Water area: 11.7 sq. mi.
Population density: 29 people per square mile 
 
 (low).

2008 cost of living index in Pickett County: 79.1 (low, U.S. average is 100)

We are giving away a $200 prize - enter simply by sending us your own pictures of this county!

Industries providing employment: Manufacturing (25.4%), Educational,health and social services (17.5%), Retail trade (13.3%), Construction (10.7%).

Type of workers:

  • Private wage or salary: 71%
  • Government: 16%
  • Self-employed, not incorporated: 12%
  • Unpaid family work: 1%

Pickett County, Tennessee business data: stores, dealers, real estate agents, wholesalers, restaurants...

Races in Pickett County, Tennessee:

  • White Non-Hispanic (98.5%)
  • Hispanic (0.8%)
  • American Indian (0.5%)
(Total can be greater than 100% because Hispanics could be counted in other races)

Median resident age:  41.6 years
Tennessee median age:  35.9 years

Males: 2,432  (49.2%)
Females: 2,513  (50.8%)

Average wage per job in 2003: $20,250
County population in 2003: 4,950
Jobs in 2003: 1,027

Pickett County, TN forum
Recent posts about Pickett County, Tennessee on our local forum with over 700,000 registered users. Pickett County is mentioned 26 times on our forum:
Pickett County liquor sales  (3 replies)
Tennessee counties ranked by population  (20 replies)
National Cornbread Festival!  (63 replies)
Aging hipsters to retire on cheap land!!  (20 replies)
Lowest cost of living in TN?  (10 replies)
Dale Hollow  (28 replies)

Pickett County,TN real estate house value trend


Total labor force in 2004: 1,951
Unemployment rate in 2004: 8.6%

Average household size:
Pickett County:  2.3 people
Tennessee:  2.5 people

Estimated median household income in 2007: $28,749 ($24,673 in 1999)
This county:  $28,749
Tennessee:  $42,367

Median contract rent in 2007 for apartments: $181 (lower quartile is $128, upper quartile is $299)
This county:  $181
State:  $503

Estimated median house or condo value in 2007: $105,409 (it was $69,900 in 2000)
Pickett County:  $105,409
Tennessee:  $130,800
Lower value quartile - upper value quartile: $54,759 - $132,236

Mean price in 2007:
Detached houses: $161,817
Here:  $161,817
State:  $188,120

Townhouses or other attached units: $37,421
Here:  $37,421
State:  $161,999

In 3-to-4-unit structures: $167,994
Here:  $167,994
State:  $133,385

Mobile homes: $51,070
Here:  $51,070
State:  $44,109
Median monthly housing costs for homes and condos with a mortgage: $874
Median monthly housing costs for units without a mortgage: $209

Institutionalized population: 70


Crime in 2005 (reported by the sheriff's office or county police, not the county total):

  • Murders: 1
  • Rapes: 0
  • Robberies: 0
  • Assaults: 1
  • Burglaries: 4
  • Thefts: 11
  • Auto thefts: 0

Pickett County races chart


Pickett County, TN map from a distance


2004 Presidential Election results in Pickett County Tennessee:


Bush/Cheney (Republican): 60.5%
Kerry/Edwards (Democratic): 39.1%




Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2000: $353 (0.5%)

Pickett County household income distribution in 2007 Pickett County home values distribution


Pickett County contract rent distribution in 2007

Residents with income below the poverty level in 2007:
This county:  15.6%
Whole state:  13.5%

Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 2007:
This county:  6.8%
Whole state:  5.8%

Fair market rent in 2006 for a 1-bedroom apartment in Pickett County is $373 a month.
Fair market rent for a 2-bedroom apartment is $460 a month.
Fair market rent for a 3-bedroom apartment is $597 a month.

Cities in this county include: Byrdstown, Static.

Neighboring counties: Clay County , Fentress County , Clinton County, Kentucky , Overton County , Scott County , Wayne County, Kentucky .


Pickett County close-up map

Click to draw/clear county borders

Notable locations in this county outside city limits:

Notable locations in Pickett County: Eagles Cove Marina (A), Eastport Dock (B), Star Point Dock (C), Sunset Dock (D), Cordell Hull Birthplace (E), South Ford (F), Backbone Ford (G). Display/hide their locations on the map

Churches in Pickett County include: Smyrna Church (A), Sand Branch Church (B), Red Hill Church (C), Edgefield Church (D), Etter Baptist Church (E), Oak Grove Church (F), Grace Chapel (G), Jones Chapel (H), Asbury Chapel (I). Display/hide their locations on the map

Cemeteries: Clark Cemetery (1), Mullins Cemetery (2), Gunter Cemetery (3), Riley Cemetery (4), Grove Cemetery (5), Winningham Cemetery (6), Neal Cemetery (7). Display/hide their locations on the map

Lakes and reservoirs: Pickett Lake (A), Akers Lake (B). Display/hide their locations on the map

Streams, rivers, and creeks: Andy Creek (A), Key Branch (B), Little Rock Creek (C), Upchurch Branch (D), Jouett Creek (E), Cricket Creek (F), Jolly Creek (G), Jackson Creek (H), Hurricane Creek (I). Display/hide their locations on the map

Parks in Pickett County include: Pickett State Park And Forest (1), Pickett State Rustic Park Historic District (2), Cove Creek Recreation Area (3), Obey River Recreation Area (4). Display/hide their locations on the map

 
Unemployment in May 2009:
Here:  14.3%
Tennessee:  10.3%

Unemployment by year (%)


County total employment by year


County average yearly wages by year ($)


Current college students: 162
People 25 years of age or older with a high school degree or higher: 62.9%
People 25 years of age or older with a bachelor's degree or higher: 9.1%

Number of foreign born residents: 14 (50% naturalized citizens)

Pickett County:  0.3%
Whole state:  2.8%

Year of entry for the foreign-born population
  • 1995 to March 2000: 0
  • 1990 to 1994: 0
  • 1985 to 1989: 0
  • 1980 to 1984: 0
  • 1975 to 1979: 0
  • 1970 to 1974: 7
  • 1970 to 1974: 7
  • 1965 to 1969: 0


Mean travel time to work: 25.1 minutes

Percentage of county residents living and working in this county: 61.9%

Pickett County marital status for males
Pickett County marital status for females

Housing units in structures:

  • One, detached: 2,104
  • One, attached: 6
  • Two: 21
  • 3 or 4: 33
  • 5 to 9: 56
  • 10 to 19: 16
  • 20 or more: 11
  • Mobile homes: 688
  • Boats, RVs, vans, etc.: 21

Housing units in Pickett County with a mortgage: 450 (24 second mortgage, 4 home equity loan, 0 both second mortgage and home equity loan)
Houses without a mortgage: 463

Here:  49.3% with mortgage
State:  66.0% with mortgage


Religion statistics

Total adherents: 1,551
Total congregations: 11

Adherents


NameSouthern Baptist ConventionChristian Churches and Churches of ChristChurches of ChristUnited Methodist ChurchOther
Adherents809 (52.2%)427 (27.5%)167 (10.8%)82 (5.3%)66 (4.3%)
Congregations3 (27.3%)2 (18.2%)3 (27.3%)2 (18.2%)1 (9.1%)
Source: Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center.

Religions in Pickett County - Byrdstown, Static

Agriculture in Pickett County
Average size of farms: 104 acres
Average value of agricultural products sold per farm: $26310
Average value of crops sold per acre for harvested cropland: $213.86
The value of nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod as a percentage of the total market value of agricultural products sold: 0.49%
The value of livestock, poultry, and their products as a percentage of the total market value of agricultural products sold: 77.15%
Average total farm production expenses per farm: $20331
Harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms: 26.99%
Average market value of all machinery and equipment per farm: $27761
The percentage of farms operated by a family or individual: 96.01%
Average age of principal farm operators: 54 years
Average number of cattle and calves per 100 acres of all land in farms: 34.66
Soybeans for beans: 286 harvested acres
Vegetables: 11 harvested acres
Land in orchards: 5 acres

Pickett County historical area-adjusted tornado activity is significantly above Tennessee state average. It is 4.5 times above overall U.S. average.
Tornadoes in this county have caused 5 fatalities and 10 injuries recorded between 1950 and 2004.
On 4/3/1974, a category 4 (max. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado killed 5 people and injured 6 people and caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.

Pickett County-area historical earthquake activity is significantly below Tennessee state average. It is 92% smaller than the overall U.S. average.

On 11/30/1973 at 07:48:41, a magnitude 4.7 (4.7 MB, 4.6 ML, Class: Light, Intensity: IV - V) earthquake occurred 83.7 miles away from Pickett County center
On 9/17/2004 at 15:21:43, a magnitude 3.7 (3.7 LG, Depth: 0.7 mi, Class: Light, Intensity: II - III) earthquake occurred 67.3 miles away from the county center
On 7/30/1997 at 12:29:23, a magnitude 3.8 (3.8 LG, Depth: 3.1 mi) earthquake occurred 90.4 miles away from the county center
On 6/17/1998 at 08:00:23, a magnitude 3.6 (3.3 MB, 3.6 LG, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 59.6 miles away from Pickett County center
On 7/5/1995 at 14:16:44, a magnitude 3.7 (3.7 LG, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 97.2 miles away from the county center
On 10/12/2005 at 06:27:30, a magnitude 3.6 (3.6 LG, Depth: 5.1 mi) earthquake occurred 79.7 miles away from Pickett County center
Magnitude types: regional Lg-wave magnitude (LG), body-wave magnitude (MB), local magnitude (ML)



Class of Workers

Most common industries for males (%):



  • Construction (19%)
  • Transportation equipment (8%)
  • Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (8%)
  • Educational services (6%)
  • Accommodation and food services (6%)
  • Furniture and related products (5%)
  • Public administration (5%)

Most common industries for females (%):



  • Apparel (14%)
  • Health care (14%)
  • Educational services (11%)
  • Accommodation and food services (10%)
  • Transportation equipment (8%)
  • Finance and insurance (5%)
  • Food and beverage stores (5%)

Most common occupations for males (%)



  • Other production occupations including supervisors (7%)
  • Driver/sales workers and truck drivers (6%)
  • Construction trades workers except carpenters, electricians, painters, plumbers, and construction laborers (6%)
  • Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers (5%)
  • Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers (5%)
  • Assemblers and fabricators (4%)
  • Farmers and farm managers (4%)

Most common occupations for females (%)



  • Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers (13%)
  • Cashiers (6%)
  • Other office and administrative support workers including supervisors (6%)
  • Preschool, kindergarten, elementary and middle school teachers (6%)
  • Other production occupations including supervisors (5%)
  • Registered nurses (5%)
  • Other sales and related workers including supervisors (5%)

Most common places of birth for the foreign-born residents (%):



  • United Kingdom (50%)
  • Germany (50%)

Most common first ancestries reported in Pickett County (%):



  • United States or American (46%)
  • English (15%)
  • Irish (11%)
  • German (6%)
  • Scotch-Irish (4%)
  • French (except Basque) (2%)
  • Dutch (1%)


Pickett County mode of transportation to work chart

Means of transportation to work

  • Drove a car alone: 1,691 (80%)
  • Carpooled: 299 (14%)
  • Bus or trolley bus: 6 (0%)
  • Walked: 11 (1%)
  • Worked at home: 103 (5%)


Owners and renters by unit type in %



Breakdown of mean house values by ages of householders


64 people in nursing homes
6 people in local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups)

Average gross adjusted income of non-migrant taxpayers in this county in 2005 was $33,530.

6.24% of this county's 2006 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2005 ($35,598 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  6.24%
Tennessee average:  7.52%

10 or fewer of this county's residents moved from foreign countries.
2.32% relocated from other counties in Tennessee ($11,167 average AGI)
3.91% relocated from other states ($24,431 average AGI)
Pickett County:  3.91%
Tennessee average:  3.80%



Percentage of residents relocating from other counties or countries


Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2005 and 2006:
from Overton County, TN  0.73% ($17,583 average AGI)


5.02% of this county's 2005 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2006 ($27,864 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  5.02%
Tennessee average:  6.67%

10 or fewer of this county's residents moved to foreign countries.
2.97% relocated to other counties in Tennessee ($13,617 average AGI)
2.04% relocated to other states ($14,247 average AGI)
Pickett County:  2.04%
Tennessee average:  2.97%



Percentage of residents relocating to other counties or countries


Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2005 and 2006:
to Overton County, TN  1.30% ($23,286 average AGI)
to Clinton County, KY  0.81% ($25,308)
to Putnam County, TN  0.68% ($21,273)

Births per 1000 population from 1990 to 1999: 10.6
Births per 1000 population from 2000 to 2003: 10.5



Births per 1000 population in Pickett County

Deaths per 1000 population from 1990 to 1999: 11.8
Deaths per 1000 population from 2000 to 2003: 14.1



Deaths per 1000 population in Pickett County

Infant deaths per 1000 live births from 1990 to 1999: 6.3
Infant deaths per 1000 live births from 2000 to 2003: 10.1



Infant deaths per 1000 live births in Pickett County

Persons enrolled in hospital insurance and/or supplemental medical insurance (Medicare) in July 1, 2003: 899 (690 aged, 209 disabled)
Population without health insurance coverage in 2000: 17%
Children under 18 without health insurance coverage in 2000: 12%

General practice office based MDs per 100,000 population in 2005: 1182.330
Medical specialist MDs per 100,000 population in 2005: 1182.330
Dentists per 100,000 population in 1998: 20.74

Total deaths per 100,000 population, July 2005 - July 2006: 82.97

Crimes per 100,000 population in 1996 : 1


Household type by relationship


Households: 4,875
  • In family households: 4,238 (1,243 male householders, 239 female householders)
    1,273 spouses, 1,335 children (1,178 natural, 36 adopted, 121 stepchildren), 52 grandchildren, 19 brothers or sisters, 13 parents, 29 other relatives, 35 non-relatives
  • In nonfamily households: 637 (237 male householders (226 living alone)), 369 female householders (344 living alone)), 31 nonrelatives
  • In group quarters: 70 (all institutionalized)

Size of family households: 780 2-persons, 338 3-persons, 242 4-persons, 82 5-persons, 40 6-persons.

Size of nonfamily households: 570 1-person, 36 2-persons.

97.9% of residents of Pickett County speak English at home.
0.9% of residents speak Spanish at home (50% speak English very well, 45% speak English well, 5% speak English not well).
1.0% of residents speak other Indo-European language at home (59% speak English very well, 14% speak English well, 27% speak English not well).
0.1% of residents speak other language at home (100% speak English well).

In fiscal year 2004:
Federal Government expenditure: $35,867,000 ($7348 per capita)
Department of Defense expenditure: $473,000
Federal direct payments to individuals for retirement and disability: $12,273,000
Federal other direct payments to individuals: $9,190,000
Federal direct payments not to individuals: $142,000
Federal grants: $13,527,000
Federal procurement contracts: $232,000 ($99,000 Department of Defense)
Federal salaries and wages: $503,000 ($0,000 Department of Defense)
Federal Government direct loans: $1,268,000
Federal guaranteed/insured loans: $136,000
Federal Government insurance: $446,000

Population change from April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005:
Births: 267
Here:  55 per 1000 residents
State:  69 per 1000 residents

Deaths: 380
Here:  79 per 1000 residents
State:  50 per 1000 residents

Net international migration: 0
Here:  0 per 1000 residents
State:  +8 per 1000 residents

Net internal migration: +4
Here:  +1 per 1000 residents
State:  +18 per 1000 residents



Population growth in Pickett County

Total withdrawal of fresh water for public supply: 0.59 millions of gallons per day (all from surface)

Median number of rooms in houses and condos:
Here:  5.5
State:  6.0

Median number of rooms in apartments:
Here:  4.6
State:  4.2



Year house built:

  • 1999 to March 2000: 302
  • 1995 to 1998: 350
  • 1990 to 1994: 299
  • 1980 to 1989: 378
  • 1970 to 1979: 603
  • 1960 to 1969: 459
  • 1950 to 1959: 228
  • 1940 to 1949: 134
  • 1939 or earlier: 203

Rooms in owner-occupied houses in Pickett County, Tennessee:
  • 1 room: 2
  • 2 rooms: 23
  • 3 rooms: 58
  • 4 rooms: 290
  • 5 rooms: 534
  • 6 rooms: 414
  • 7 rooms: 204
  • 8 rooms: 97
  • 9+ rooms: 140


Rooms in renter-occupied apartments in Pickett County, Tennessee:
  • 1 room: 6
  • 2 rooms: 11
  • 3 rooms: 46
  • 4 rooms: 92
  • 5 rooms: 97
  • 6 rooms: 49
  • 7 rooms: 15
  • 8 rooms: 11
  • 9+ rooms: 2


Bedrooms in owner-occupied houses and condos in Pickett County:
  • no bedroom: 2
  • 1 bedroom: 85
  • 2 bedrooms: 460
  • 3 bedrooms: 962
  • 4 bedrooms: 189
  • 5+ bedrooms: 64


Bedrooms in renter-occupied apartments in Pickett County:
  • no bedroom: 6
  • 1 bedroom: 55
  • 2 bedrooms: 178
  • 3 bedrooms: 68
  • 4 bedrooms: 18
  • 5+ bedrooms: 4


Cars and other vehicles available in Pickett County in owner-occupied houses/condos:
  • no vehicle: 84
  • 1 vehicle: 470
  • 2 vehicles: 715
  • 3 vehicles: 387
  • 4 vehicles: 78
  • 5+ vehicles: 28


Cars and other vehicles available in Pickett County in renter-occupied apartments
  • no vehicle: 49
  • 1 vehicle: 141
  • 2 vehicles: 96
  • 3 vehicles: 24
  • 4 vehicles: 19
  • 5+ vehicles: 0


67% of Pickett County residents lived in the same house 5 years ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 52% lived in this county.
   Out of people who lived in different counties, 42% lived in Tennessee.

Pickett County:  66.6%
State average:  54.7%


Place of birth for U.S.-born residents:

  • This state: 3364
  • Northeast: 65
  • Midwest: 518
  • South: 928
  • West: 42

Median price asked for vacant for-sale houses in 2000: $36,500


Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities: 3%

Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities: 3%

Year Householders Moved Into Unit:



Most commonly used house heating fuel in houses and condos:
  • Bottled, tank, or LP gas (46.9%)
  • Electricity (37.6%)
  • Wood (7.9%)
  • Utility gas (2.8%)
  • Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (2.6%)
  • Other fuel (2.1%)


Most commonly used house heating fuel in apartments:
  • Electricity (54.4%)
  • Bottled, tank, or LP gas (29.2%)
  • Wood (8.2%)
  • Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (4.9%)
  • Utility gas (1.8%)
  • Coal or coke (0.9%)
  • Other fuel (0.6%)



Private vs. public school enrollment:
Students in private schools in grades 1 to 8 (elementary and middle school): 12
Here:  2.4%
Tennessee:  9.5%

Students in private schools in grades 9 to 12 (high school): 7
Here:  2.7%
Tennessee:  10.4%

Students in private undergraduate colleges: 6
Here:  4.4%
Tennessee:  22.8%


Educational Attainment


School Enrollment by Level of School


Age and Sex of Sensory-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)

Age and Sex of Physically-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)


Age and Sex of Mentally-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)

Age and Sex of Self-Care Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)


Age and Sex of Go-Outside-Home Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)

Age and Sex of Residents with Employment Disability (Noninst.)


Pickett County government finances in 2002:
  • Bond Fund - Cash & Deposits: $75,000
  • Charges - All Other: $434,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education - Other: $178,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education School Lunch: $98,000
    Solid Waste Management: $77,000
  • Construction - Housing & Community Development: $381,000
    Health - Other: $364,000
    Regular Highways: $239,000
    Elementary & Secondary Education: $174,000
    General: $1,000
  • Current Operations - Elementary & Secondary Education: $4,731,000
    Regular Highways: $803,000
    Housing & Community Development: $515,000
    Health Services - Other: $397,000
    General - Other: $346,000
    Solid Waste Management: $292,000
    Police Protection: $235,000
    Central Staff Services: $210,000
    Judicial and Legal Services: $159,000
    Corrections - Other: $130,000
    Financial Administration: $102,000
    General Public Buildings: $102,000
    Fire Protection: $31,000
    Natural Resources - Other: $30,000
    Parks & Recreation: $23,000
  • Federal Intergovernmental - Education: $58,000
    All Other: $1,000
  • General - Interest on Debt: $295,000
  • Intergovernmental to Local NEC - General: $136,000
  • Intergovernmental to State - Health: $6,000
  • Local Intergovernmental - Education: $25,000
    All Other: $19,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding, Education, NEC: $5,235,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding, NEC: $1,634,000
  • Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith & Credit - Elementary & Secondary Education: $5,095,000
    Full Faith & Credit - Other, NEC: $1,436,000
  • Long Term Debt Retired Unspecified - Other, NEC: $198,000
    Elementary and Secondary Education: $140,000
  • Miscellaneous - Rents: $213,000
    General Revenue, NEC: $113,000
    Interest Earnings: $57,000
  • Other Capital Outlay - Elementary and Secondary Education: $144,000
    Health - Other: $38,000
    Police Protection: $29,000
    Fire Protection: $21,000
    General - Other: $19,000
  • Other Funds - Cash & Deposits: $2,419,000
  • Sinking Fund - Cash & Deposits: $196,000
  • State Intergovernmental - Education: $3,883,000
    Highways: $1,265,000
    Housing & Community Development: $800,000
    All Other: $406,000
    General Support: $261,000
  • Tax - Property: $1,357,000
    Total General Sales: $550,000
    Alcoholic Beverage Sales: $231,000
    NEC: $227,000
  • Total Salaries & Wages: $4,716,000


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Total Number Of Recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of aged recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of blind and disabled recipients


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients under 18


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients between 18 and 64


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients older than 64


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Number of recipients also receiving OASDI


Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Amount of payments (thousands of dollars)



Pickett County Fatal accident statistics for 1975 - 2008:

Fatal accident count (per 100,000 population)

Fatal accident count (per 100,000 population)



Vehicles involved in fatal accidents (per 100,000 population)

Vehicles involved in fatal accidents (per 100,000 population)



Fatal accidents caused by drunken drivers (per 100,000 population)

Fatal accidents caused by drunken drivers (per 100,000 population)



Fatalities (per 100,000 population)

Fatalities (per 100,000 population)



Persons involved in fatal accidents (per 100,000 population)

Persons involved in fatal accidents (per 100,000 population)





Back to: Tennessee, Tennessee smaller cities, Tennessee smallest towns, All US cities.

 



Home sales trends information powered by Onboard Informatics
© 2009 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
 
City-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this site.  Use at your own risk.
Some parts © 2003-2009 Advameg, Inc.