Hey - I posted this in another one - message if you have more questions.
http://www.city-data.com/forum/10638341-post22.html
Okay -

My husband is an AST. Interview process is in Anchorage. Academy is located in Sitka, AK and lasts a few months. From there - you pass - and get shipped out to your "FTO" site. Anchorage, Palmer, Fairbanks, and a few off the road system.
Within your first 5 years of service there is the chance that you will have to bid out to another location. My husband and I bid Nome for our "bush assignment". A bush assignment can be described as a step post.
There are other detachments as someone described and they can be wildlife, highway, or blue shirt or normal troopers. You can get involved in SERT (Special Response) or the Alaska Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Enforcement which works with DEA. There are many opportunities to move up, and learn new things if you're willing.
Okay - the step post is in regards to the payscale and location. The further off of the road - the higher the pay and high the post. Nome is a step 8, Anchorage is a 1 = you get paid more to be in Nome than Anchorage. Also - some of the bush posts offer State housing. So it isn't so stressful moving there when you know you have a well maintained place to live.
Law enforcement gets paid great wages in Alaska - and your wife as a teacher will have terrific opportunities up here as well.
Be aware that the troopers will only pay for your move to Alaska from the Alaskan border. So - it will be spendy to get here. We moved from North Dakota - and it was about $3000. If you drive the alaskan highway or use the barge out of Seattle, it's spendy.
Even in Nome - it's known that when the Troopers show up, things get taken care of.
For us - TOTALLY worth it. We have great jobs, love what we do, and the Trooper community is really diverse so it's hard NOT to fit in with everyone.
Good Luck!