I don't know that I read much or anything marketed as "Christian fiction." However I sometimes like fiction by Christians that clearly shows their Christian values.
As you mentioned time-travel R.A. Lafferty did some good science-fiction stories with strong Catholic themes. There's also
A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller. Miller was a convert, I wonder if that was possibly over guilt at being a part of the group that blew up a great Italian monastery in WWII, who ultimately left the Church. At the time he wrote "Canticle" though he was still pretty active in the faith, but it does potentially show some tension in him about it.
Outside Catholicism Cordwainer Smith wrote some interesting Anglican influenced Science Fiction. Although the Christianity in them is usually implied or allegorical rather than explicit. It's a far-future where people speak of it in codes like "The Old Strong Religion" or "The Man on the Cross." I'm not a C. S. Lewis person, but the
Out of the Silent Planet Trilogy is seen as good Christian-oriented Science Fiction.
In Protestantism Stephen R. Lawhead is more Fantasy than Science Fiction, but I think he's done some SF. I read his straight-up historical novel
Byzantium, due to a recommendation when I was in the hospital, and thought it was pretty good. He treated the Pre-Reformation Christian characters in it fairly well, which was nice to see from a Baptist. Or at least I think he's Baptist, Evangelical anyway. I'm not sure I've read many other Protestants in SF to be honest. Although Connie Willis sometimes interjects her, quite liberal and feminist, Mainline Protestant values in her works. There have also been a few Quakers in science fiction such as Joan Slonczewski. Conservative or Evangelical Protestantism is, I think, somewhat rare in Science Fiction. Zenna Henderson, though possibly Mormon, did stories I think could appeal to more open-minded conservative Protestants as her "People" stories kind of read like "What if the Waltons were extraterrestrials?" Meaning that the aliens look like humans and God has essentially given them the Bible. Oddly some conservative Protestants might like R.A. Lafferty, mentioned above, because although he was a Catholic he was a Creationist. One of the other worlds mentions something akin to "evolution as you knew it was disproved centuries ago" and how their world was, like all worlds, created by God.
Mormons, if we count them as Christian as I know some don't, are really fairly common in science fiction. The big name there, and one of the biggest names in Science Fiction, being Orson Scott Card. Much of Card's work is not explicitly religious in nature, but he had a series based on the
Book of Mormon. Card is a controversial figure due to his involvement with the "National Organization for Marriage", opposition to same-sex marriage, and some statements he's made about Muslims. (Interestingly Card's novel
Songmaster is partly based on stories concerning King David and has homosexual sex as well as a sympathetically, if a bit condescendingly perhaps, depicted Bisexual character. He has explained how he could write that and how he meant it.) There are several other Mormons in SF as well, some of them more socially liberal than he like I think Lee Allred is moderate, but I admit he tends to cast a big shadow.
For more info
http://www.adherents.com/lit/
http://www.adherents.com/lit/sf_other.html
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I think it's not for me either............
