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Zur, this is what Paul states about himself...Peter did, in fact, state in Acts, that he was chosen, by G-d, from among those at the Jerusalem Counsel, that it SHOULD be from HIS mouth that the GENTILES SHOULD hear the Gospel and believe...It is right there in black and white...
Richard, how many Gentiles heard Peter? A household. Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles in Acts 22:21. He got his office as an Apostle for the Gentiles from Jesus himself, I gave you the scriptures. They have more weight than a mission of Peter to the household of Cornelius. Paul also preached to the Jews, also in Jerusalem, but he is not mentioned their as a pillar. that made him not an Apostle of the Jews. Gal 2:9 "And when James, Peter and John, who seemed to be pillars, ......... that we(Paul and Barnabas) should go to the Gentiles and they (James, Peter, John) go to the circumcision (Jews). I think the bible is clear. Their was no pope nor a leader Peter, their was a leadership, called pillars and they sent Paul also to the Gentiles, not as an command as Jesus did, but as an agreement. When Paul set elders in the Gentile churches, he did not ask pope Peter, and when Peter did not live after the gospel, Paul rebuked him openly. The pope of Rom is an invention of the RCC, a power base with a worldly state, established with the sword of Rom.
Richard, how many Gentiles heard Peter? A household. Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles in Acts 22:21. He got his office as an Apostle for the Gentiles from Jesus himself, I gave you the scriptures. They have more weight than a mission of Peter to the household of Cornelius. Paul also preached to the Jews, also in Jerusalem, but he is not mentioned their as a pillar. that made him not an Apostle of the Jews. Gal 2:9 "And when James, Peter and John, who seemed to be pillars, ......... that we(Paul and Barnabas) should go to the Gentiles and they (James, Peter, John) go to the circumcision (Jews). I think the bible is clear. Their was no pope nor a leader Peter, their was a leadership, called pillars and they sent Paul also to the Gentiles, not as an command as Jesus did, but as an agreement. When Paul set elders in the Gentile churches, he did not ask pope Peter, and when Peter did not live after the gospel, Paul rebuked him openly. The pope of Rom is an invention of the RCC, a power base with a worldly state, established with the sword of Rom.
The papacy did not exist at that time. All we have is the prominence of Peter in the gospels. Jesus selected Peter above all the others and from there the papacy was born many years later. It would be incorrect to call Peter the pope because the term was not used. nevertheless, at that time Peter was the leader.
Richard, how many Gentiles heard Peter? A household. Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles in Acts 22:21. He got his office as an Apostle for the Gentiles from Jesus himself, I gave you the scriptures. They have more weight than a mission of Peter to the household of Cornelius. Paul also preached to the Jews, also in Jerusalem, but he is not mentioned their as a pillar. that made him not an Apostle of the Jews. Gal 2:9 "And when James, Peter and John, who seemed to be pillars, ......... that we(Paul and Barnabas) should go to the Gentiles and they (James, Peter, John) go to the circumcision (Jews). I think the bible is clear. Their was no pope nor a leader Peter, their was a leadership, called pillars and they sent Paul also to the Gentiles, not as an command as Jesus did, but as an agreement. When Paul set elders in the Gentile churches, he did not ask pope Peter, and when Peter did not live after the gospel, Paul rebuked him openly. The pope of Rom is an invention of the RCC, a power base with a worldly state, established with the sword of Rom.
Paul actions are irrelevant because Jesus did give Paul the keys. Paul was nowhere to be seen when Jesus was around.
Church Government in the New Testament - First century churches were autonomous, each governed by a plurality of elders.
1 Peter 5:1-4 “The elders who are among you I exhort, I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed: 2 Shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers, not by compulsion but willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly; 3 nor as being lords over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock; 4 and when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that does not fade away.”
Acts 14:23 “So when they had appointed elders in every church, and prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.”
Acts 20:17 “From Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the church.”
Acts 20:28 "Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood."
Titus 1:5-9 “For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every city as I commanded you— 6 if a man is blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of dissipation or insubordination. 7 For a bishop[ must be blameless, as a steward of God, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not given to wine, not violent, not greedy for money, 8 but hospitable, a lover of what is good, sober-minded, just, holy, self-controlled, 9 holding fast the faithful word as he has been taught, that he may be able, by sound doctrine, both to exhort and convict those who contradict.”
Early Church Fathers
In the first and early second centuries, there were multiple bishops in Rome.
Ignatius of Antioch - Writes to the church at Rome. He never mentions one bishop over others.
Polycarp of the church at Smyrna - writes to the church at Philippi. He begins his letter with, “Polycarp, and the elders with him, to the church of God sojourning at Philippi …”
All of the churches Paul and Peter established (including Rome) had elders. There is no head bishop.
1 Clement of Rome 96 A.D. – Clement uses bishops/presbyters/elders interchangeably, and he writes of them in the plural.
Clement's quotes, from a letter written to the Corinthians just sixty years after Jesus died and rose again, are as follows:
[The apostles] appointed the firstfruits, having first proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it was written concerning bishops and deacons. For thus saith the Scripture in a certain place, "I will appoint their bishops in righteousness, and their deacons in faith" [Isaiah 60:17, from the Septuagint]. (First Clement 42)
Our sin will not be small, if we eject from the office of bishop those who have blamelessly and holily fulfilled its duties. Blessed are those presbyters who, having finished their course before now, have obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; for they have no fear lest anyone deprive them of the place now appointed them. (ibid. 44)
Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, around 250 A.D.
When Stephen, bishop of Rome had by his letters condemned a previous decree of the north African council on the baptism of heretics, Cyprian violently disagreed with him on this matter, specifically with his attempts to force his opinion on other bishops. Steven attempted to call himself “bishop of bishops” and was condemned by a council of 87 bishops convened by Cyprian.
When Stephen condemned the decree of the African council on the baptism of heretics, Cyprian called the 7th Council of Carthage in A.D. 258 specifically because Stephen had condemned the decrees of a previous north African council. There, Cyprian declared:
On this matter, each of us should bring forth what he thinks … for neither does any of us set himself up as a bishop of bishops, nor by tyrannical terror does any compel his colleague to the necessity of obedience; since every bishop … has his own proper right of judgment, and can no more be judged by another than he himself can judge another. (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. V, "The Seventh Council of Carthage under Cyprian")
This decision of the Council of Carthage shows that there was an attempt by the bishop of Rome to exert his authority in north Africa, but it was unanimously rejected.
Cyprian specifically rejects the authority of the bishop of Rome.
Cyprian also rejects the claim of Stephen to hold a succession from Peter. In fact, he refers to himself as “justly indignant” about it. He writes:
“In this respect I am justly indignant at this so open and manifest folly of Stephen, that he who so boasts of the place of his episcopate, and contends that he holds the succession from Peter, on whom the foundations of the Church were laid, should introduce many other rocks and establish new buildings of many churches; maintaining that there is baptism in them by his authority.” (Epistles of Cyprian 73:17)
Cyprian was not alone in his opinion. The Seventh Council of Carthage was attended by 87 north African bishops, all of whom ratified the decision of that council. .
The Council of Nicea (Canon 6)
“Let the ancient customs in Egypt, Libya and Pentapolis prevail, that the Bishop of Alexandria have jurisdiction in all these, since the like is customary for the Bishop of Rome also. Likewise in Antioch and the other provinces, let the Churches retain their privileges. And this is to be universally understood, that if any one be made bishop without the consent of the Metropolitan, the great Synod has declared that such a man ought not to be a bishop. If, however, two or three bishops shall from natural love of contradiction, oppose the common suffrage of the rest, it being reasonable and in accordance with the ecclesiastical law, then let the choice of the majority prevail.”
This says that the bishop of Alexandria has authority over all of Egypt, Libya, and the Pentapolis. Then it says that the bishop of Rome has a similar jurisdiction.
The Pope's claim to be the leader of the Church in the whole world is contradicted by canon 6 of Nicea.
The papacy did not exist at that time. All we have is the prominence of Peter in the gospels. Jesus selected Peter above all the others and from there the papacy was born many years later. It would be incorrect to call Peter the pope because the term was not used. nevertheless, at that time Peter was the leader.
No, Jesus didn't select Peter above all the other apostles.
Jesus gave the same authority to ALL the disciples in Matthew 18:18. Jesus says, "Truly I say to you (the disciples), whatever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
I think it's a matter of understanding what the purpose of the keys are. Keys unlock doors, and Jesus gave Peter and the rest of the apostles the keys to unlock the door to the church. They did exactly that on the day of Pentecost. Read Acts 2.
No, Jesus didn't select Peter above all the other apostles.
Jesus gave the same authority to ALL the disciples in Matthew 18:18. Jesus says, "Truly I say to you (the disciples), whatever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
I think it's a matter of understanding what the purpose of the keys are. Keys unlock doors, and Jesus gave Peter and the rest of the apostles the keys to unlock the door to the church. They did exactly that on the day of Pentecost. Read Acts 2.
No, Jesus didn't select Peter above all the other apostles.
Jesus gave the same authority to ALL the disciples in Matthew 18:18. Jesus says, "Truly I say to you (the disciples), whatever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
I think it's a matter of understanding what the purpose of the keys are. Keys unlock doors, and Jesus gave Peter and the rest of the apostles the keys to unlock the door to the church. They did exactly that on the day of Pentecost. Read Acts 2.
Katie
Of course, all apostles have it. But, Peter was singled out. The aspostolic succession flows from all the apostles. And the primacy of Peter in the gospels is clear.
Church Government in the New Testament - First century churches were autonomous, each governed by a plurality of elders.
1 Peter 5:1-4 “The elders who are among you I exhort, I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed: 2 Shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers, not by compulsion but willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly; 3 nor as being lords over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock; 4 and when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that does not fade away.”
Acts 14:23 “So when they had appointed elders in every church, and prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.”
Acts 20:17 “From Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the church.”
Acts 20:28 "Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood."
Titus 1:5-9 “For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every city as I commanded you— 6 if a man is blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of dissipation or insubordination. 7 For a bishop[ must be blameless, as a steward of God, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not given to wine, not violent, not greedy for money, 8 but hospitable, a lover of what is good, sober-minded, just, holy, self-controlled, 9 holding fast the faithful word as he has been taught, that he may be able, by sound doctrine, both to exhort and convict those who contradict.”
Early Church Fathers
In the first and early second centuries, there were multiple bishops in Rome.
Ignatius of Antioch - Writes to the church at Rome. He never mentions one bishop over others.
Polycarp of the church at Smyrna - writes to the church at Philippi. He begins his letter with, “Polycarp, and the elders with him, to the church of God sojourning at Philippi …”
All of the churches Paul and Peter established (including Rome) had elders. There is no head bishop.
1 Clement of Rome 96 A.D. – Clement uses bishops/presbyters/elders interchangeably, and he writes of them in the plural.
Clement's quotes, from a letter written to the Corinthians just sixty years after Jesus died and rose again, are as follows:
[The apostles] appointed the firstfruits, having first proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it was written concerning bishops and deacons. For thus saith the Scripture in a certain place, "I will appoint their bishops in righteousness, and their deacons in faith" [Isaiah 60:17, from the Septuagint]. (First Clement 42)
Our sin will not be small, if we eject from the office of bishop those who have blamelessly and holily fulfilled its duties. Blessed are those presbyters who, having finished their course before now, have obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; for they have no fear lest anyone deprive them of the place now appointed them. (ibid. 44)
Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, around 250 A.D.
When Stephen, bishop of Rome had by his letters condemned a previous decree of the north African council on the baptism of heretics, Cyprian violently disagreed with him on this matter, specifically with his attempts to force his opinion on other bishops. Steven attempted to call himself “bishop of bishops” and was condemned by a council of 87 bishops convened by Cyprian.
When Stephen condemned the decree of the African council on the baptism of heretics, Cyprian called the 7th Council of Carthage in A.D. 258 specifically because Stephen had condemned the decrees of a previous north African council. There, Cyprian declared:
On this matter, each of us should bring forth what he thinks … for neither does any of us set himself up as a bishop of bishops, nor by tyrannical terror does any compel his colleague to the necessity of obedience; since every bishop … has his own proper right of judgment, and can no more be judged by another than he himself can judge another. (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. V, "The Seventh Council of Carthage under Cyprian")
This decision of the Council of Carthage shows that there was an attempt by the bishop of Rome to exert his authority in north Africa, but it was unanimously rejected.
Cyprian specifically rejects the authority of the bishop of Rome.
Cyprian also rejects the claim of Stephen to hold a succession from Peter. In fact, he refers to himself as “justly indignant” about it. He writes:
“In this respect I am justly indignant at this so open and manifest folly of Stephen, that he who so boasts of the place of his episcopate, and contends that he holds the succession from Peter, on whom the foundations of the Church were laid, should introduce many other rocks and establish new buildings of many churches; maintaining that there is baptism in them by his authority.” (Epistles of Cyprian 73:17)
Cyprian was not alone in his opinion. The Seventh Council of Carthage was attended by 87 north African bishops, all of whom ratified the decision of that council. .
The Council of Nicea (Canon 6)
“Let the ancient customs in Egypt, Libya and Pentapolis prevail, that the Bishop of Alexandria have jurisdiction in all these, since the like is customary for the Bishop of Rome also. Likewise in Antioch and the other provinces, let the Churches retain their privileges. And this is to be universally understood, that if any one be made bishop without the consent of the Metropolitan, the great Synod has declared that such a man ought not to be a bishop. If, however, two or three bishops shall from natural love of contradiction, oppose the common suffrage of the rest, it being reasonable and in accordance with the ecclesiastical law, then let the choice of the majority prevail.”
This says that the bishop of Alexandria has authority over all of Egypt, Libya, and the Pentapolis. Then it says that the bishop of Rome has a similar jurisdiction.
The Pope's claim to be the leader of the Church in the whole world is contradicted by canon 6 of Nicea.
God Bless,
Katie
For the love of God! How many times must I say that the papacy did not exist on those days. What we have is Peter being the leader of the apostles during the time of Christ. And Then Jesus individually favored Peter in Matthew Matthew 16:16-19.
There was no Vatican and No Saint Peters Basilica. And Peter did not spent the rest of his days dressed as Pope in Rome.
Peter was martyred in Rome and was clearly the right hand of Jesus. The name of Peter is used more often than the name of all other disciples put together.
Form this scenario we have the evolution of the papacy many years later. And since ALL Catholic priests can trace their ordination to the apostles the elected Pope is called the successor of Peter. He is called successor because he is the leader.
Matt. to Rev. - Peter is mentioned 155 times and the rest of apostles combined are only mentioned 130 times. Peter is also always listed first except in 1 Cor. 3:22 and Gal. 2:9 (which are obvious exceptions to the rule).
Matt. 10:2; Mark 1:36; 3:16; Luke 6:14-16; Acts 1:3; 2:37; 5:29 - these are some of many examples where Peter is mentioned first among the apostles.
Matt. 14:28-29 - only Peter has the faith to walk on water. No other man in Scripture is said to have the faith to walk on water. This faith ultimately did not fail.
Matt. 16:16, Mark 8:29; John 6:69 - Peter is first among the apostles to confess the divinity of Christ.
Matt. 16:17 - Peter alone is told he has received divine knowledge by a special revelation from God the Father.
Matt. 16:18 - Jesus builds the Church only on Peter, the rock, with the other apostles as the foundation and Jesus as the Head.
Matt. 16:19 - only Peter receives the keys, which represent authority over the Church and facilitate dynastic succession to his authority.
Matt. 17:24-25 - the tax collector approaches Peter for Jesus' tax. Peter is the spokesman for Jesus. He is the Vicar of Christ.
Matt. 17:26-27 - Jesus pays the half-shekel tax with one shekel, for both Jesus and Peter. Peter is Christ's representative on earth.
Matt. 18:21 - in the presence of the disciples, Peter asks Jesus about the rule of forgiveness. One of many examples where Peter takes a leadership role among the apostles in understanding Jesus' teachings.
Matt. 19:27 - Peter speaks on behalf of the apostles by telling Jesus that they have left everything to follow Him.
Mark 10:28 - here also, Peter speaks on behalf of the disciples by declaring that they have left everything to follow Him.
Mark 11:21 - Peter speaks on behalf of the disciples in remembering Jesus' curse on the fig tree.
Mark 14:37 - at Gethsemane, Jesus asks Peter, and no one else, why he was asleep. Peter is accountable to Jesus for his actions on behalf of the apostles because he has been appointed by Jesus as their leader.
Mark 16:7 - Peter is specified by an angel as the leader of the apostles as the angel confirms the resurrection of Christ.
Luke 5:3 – Jesus teaches from Peter’s boat which is metaphor for the Church. Jesus guides Peter and the Church into all truth.
Luke 5:4,10 - Jesus instructs Peter to let down the nets for a catch, and the miraculous catch follows. Peter, the Pope, is the "fisher of men."
Luke 7:40-50- Jesus addresses Peter regarding the rule of forgiveness and Peter answers on behalf of the disciples. Jesus also singles Peter out and judges his conduct vis-à-vis the conduct of the woman who anointed Him.
Luke 8:45 - when Jesus asked who touched His garment, it is Peter who answers on behalf of the disciples.
Luke 8:51; 9:28; 22:8; Acts 1:13; 3:1,3,11; 4:13,19; 8:14 - Peter is always mentioned before John, the disciple whom Jesus loved.
Luke 9:28;33 - Peter is mentioned first as going to mountain of transfiguration and the only one to speak at the transfiguration.
Luke 12:41 - Peter seeks clarification of a parable on behalf on the disciples. This is part of Peter's formation as the chief shepherd of the flock after Jesus ascended into heaven.
Luke 22:31-32 - Jesus prays for Peter alone, that his faith may not fail, and charges him to strengthen the rest of the apostles.
Luke 24:12, John 20:4-6 - John arrived at the tomb first but stopped and waited for Peter. Peter then arrived and entered the tomb first.
Luke 24:34 - the two disciples distinguish Peter even though they both had seen the risen Jesus the previous hour. See Luke 24:33.
John 6:68 - after the disciples leave, Peter is the first to speak and confess his belief in Christ after the Eucharistic discourse.
John 13:6-9 - Peter speaks out to the Lord in front of the apostles concerning the washing of feet.
John 13:36; 21:18 - Jesus predicts Peter's death. Peter was martyred at Rome in 67 A.D. Several hundred years of papal successors were also martyred.
John 21:2-3,11 - Peter leads the fishing and his net does not break. The boat (the "barque of Peter") is a metaphor for the Church.
John 21:7 - only Peter got out of the boat and ran to the shore to meet Jesus. Peter is the earthly shepherd leading us to God.
John 21:15 - in front of the apostles, Jesus asks Peter if he loves Jesus "more than these," which refers to the other apostles. Peter is the head of the apostolic see.
John 21:15-17 - Jesus charges Peter to "feed my lambs," "tend my sheep," "feed my sheep." Sheep means all people, even the apostles.
Acts 1:13 - Peter is first when entering upper room after our Lord's ascension. The first Eucharist and Pentecost were given in this room.
Acts 1:15 - Peter initiates the selection of a successor to Judas right after Jesus ascended into heaven, and no one questions him. Further, if the Church needed a successor to Judas, wouldn't it need one to Peter? Of course.
Acts 2:14 - Peter is first to speak for the apostles after the Holy Spirit descended upon them at Pentecost. Peter is the first to preach the Gospel.
Acts 2:38 - Peter gives first preaching in the early Church on repentance and baptism in the name of Jesus Christ.
Acts 3:1,3,4 - Peter is mentioned first as going to the Temple to pray.
Acts 3:6-7 - Peter works the first healing of the apostles.
Acts 3:12-26, 4:8-12 - Peter teaches the early Church the healing through Jesus and that there is no salvation other than Christ.
Acts 5:3 - Peter declares the first anathema of Ananias and Sapphira which is ratified by God, and brings about their death. Peter exercises his binding authority.
Acts 5:15 - Peter's shadow has healing power. No other apostle is said to have this power.
Acts 8:14 - Peter is mentioned first in conferring the sacrament of confirmation.
Acts 8:20-23 - Peter casts judgment on Simon's quest for gaining authority through the laying on of hands. Peter exercises his binding and loosing authority.
Acts 9:32-34 - Peter is mentioned first among the apostles and works the healing of Aeneas.
Acts 9:38-40 - Peter is mentioned first among the apostles and raises Tabitha from the dead.
Acts 10:5 - Cornelius is told by an angel to call upon Peter. Angels are messengers of God. Peter was granted this divine vision.
Acts 10:34-48, 11:1-18 - Peter is first to teach about salvation for all (Jews and Gentiles).
Acts 12:5 - this verse implies that the "whole Church" offered "earnest prayers" for Peter, their leader, during his imprisonment.
Acts 12:6-11 - Peter is freed from jail by an angel. He is the first object of divine intervention in the early Church.
Acts 15:7-12 - Peter resolves the first doctrinal issue on circumcision at the Church's first council at Jerusalem, and no one questions him. After Peter the Papa spoke, all were kept silent.
Acts 15:12 - only after Peter (the Pope) speaks do Paul and Barnabas (bishops) speak in support of Peter's definitive teaching.
Acts 15:13-14 - then James speaks to further acknowledge Peter's definitive teaching. "Simeon (Peter) has related how God first visited..."
Rom. 15:20 - Paul says he doesn't want to build on "another man's foundation" referring to Peter, who built the Church in Rome.
1 Cor. 9:5 – Peter is distinguished from the rest of the apostles and brethren of the Lord.
1 Cor. 15:4-8 - Paul distinguishes Jesus' post-resurrection appearances to Peter from those of the other apostles. Christ appeared “to Cephas, then to the twelve.”
Gal.1:18 - Paul spends fifteen days with Peter privately before beginning his ministry, even after Christ's Revelation to Paul.
1 Peter 5:1 - Peter acts as the chief bishop by "exhorting" all the other bishops and elders of the Church.
1 Peter 5:13 - Some Protestants argue against the Papacy by trying to prove Peter was never in Rome. First, this argument is irrelevant to whether Jesus instituted the Papacy. Secondly, this verse demonstrates that Peter was in fact in Rome. Peter writes from "Babylon" which was a code name for Rome during these days of persecution. See, for example, Rev. 14:8, 16:19, 17:5, 18:2,10,21, which show that "Babylon" meant Rome. Rome was the "great city" of the New Testament period. Because Rome during this age was considered the center of the world, the Lord wanted His Church to be established in Rome.
2 Peter 1:14 - Peter writes about Jesus' prediction of Peter's death, embracing the eventual martyrdom that he would suffer.
2 Peter 3:16 - Peter is making a judgment on the proper interpretation of Paul's letters. Peter is the chief shepherd of the flock.
Matt. 23:11; Mark 9:35; 10:44 - yet Peter, as the first, humbled himself to be the last and servant of all servants.
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