12-15-2011, 03:50 PM
2,253 posts, read
6,983,652 times
Reputation: 2654
Q: A vehicle whose undercarriage was washed and that had rust inhibitor sprayed on it, and when it was 13 years old the axle rusted in two?
A: It did. I never looked much under there but after that happened I saw that the metal parts were all spotted with corrosion and the main axle in the rear … The gentleman at the garage blamed it on the newer methods of salting the roads. He said it was happening to a lot of cars. [1]
The preceding is an excerpt from a discussion of the effects of salt use on roads. It is from the Maine forum, but applicable to Colorado in effects on vehicles. The reference is from page 5, although items of interest throughout the thread.
Calcium chloride is mentioned in that thread, so possibly the
salt in question. In Colorado magnesium chloride has been used, as well as other types of applications. The specifics depend upon county and jurisdiction. But although some departments now claim to be using more benign substances, if salt based, then still a salt.
1) Maine's rusty trucks
12-15-2011, 04:39 PM
8,317 posts, read
29,461,631 times
Reputation: 9306
Any mechanic who works on vehicles driven where mag chloride is used will tell you what a car-destroyer it is. As I've posted before, people should focus on the REAL reason that mag chloride is so heavily used: Because we have raised a legion of people who are too reckless, ignorant, and/or stupid to drive competently on a snowpacked road--despite having better tires, better traction control systems, and better braking systems than were available a generation or two ago when people seemed able to drive competently on winter roads without any of those things, including mag chloride. Just another case of the public "dummying down" and the government spending tons of taxpayer money (and damaging the environment) to compensate for collective public stupidity. Before someone chimes in with statistics about death rates and numbers in auto crashes decreasing over the years, I would submit that the main reason for that is because of the numerous active and passive restraint systems, along with better "crumple zone" designs that have made modern vehicles better able to protects drivers and passengers in a wreck--not because today's drivers are more skilled or adept at driving safely. They're not.
12-15-2011, 07:36 PM
Location: Northern MN
3,869 posts, read
15,165,670 times
Reputation: 3614
A blast from the past.
Yes MagClor is a corrosive , all chlorides are.
But lets think about this for a moment.
The axel is much thicker than a lot of other parts that are under the vehicle that are subject to the effects of MagClor and they are not rusted to the point of failure?
Maney axels are known for letting go at the welds where the tubes enters the carrier.
If the MagClor exposer did do this The wiring would have need to be replaced long ago as MagClor likes to wick up the wiring eating up the soft copper as it migrates.
Quote:
Originally Posted by
Idunn
Q: A vehicle whose undercarriage was washed and that had rust inhibitor sprayed on it, and when it was 13 years old the axle rusted in two?
A: It did. I never looked much under there but after that happened I saw that the metal parts were all spotted with corrosion and the main axle in the rear … The gentleman at the garage blamed it on the newer methods of salting the roads. He said it was happening to a lot of cars. [1]
The preceding is an excerpt from a discussion of the effects of salt use on roads. It is from the Maine forum, but applicable to Colorado in effects on vehicles. The reference is from page 5, although items of interest throughout the thread.
Calcium chloride is mentioned in that thread, so possibly the
salt in question. In Colorado magnesium chloride has been used, as well as other types of applications. The specifics depend upon county and jurisdiction. But although some departments now claim to be using more benign substances, if salt based, then still a salt.
1) Maine's rusty trucks
05-20-2012, 01:40 PM
1,512 posts, read
1,821,656 times
Reputation: 584
Quote:
Originally Posted by
md21722
I think most of those East Coast state inspection laws came from bygone days when road salt would eat through the frame so quickly the cars were in fact a danger to drive. With the galvanizing they have today it really isn't necessary on newer cars. Personally when I hear people talk about "junk on the roads in states that don't have state inspections" I think they drank the cool-aid and need to feel like they are getting something for their money.
A buddy of mine moved to VA on a short term work assignment. His truck failed for ball joints that didn't have any slop in them. He went someplace other than the shop to get them changed rather than deal with the "paint and pass" method at the first shop that wanted $1,500. This type of thing happens in many states with state required inspections.
Frames were never galvanized and the steel was so thick, it took decades of neglect to rust through. If owners didn't wash their cars regularly, the bodies rusted, but the old steel panels were so thick, they rarely rusted through either. It wasn't until the flimsy 70's Japanese cars that rusted through panels were a problem, but the unibodies didn't rust through.
The U.S. automakers later began using thinner panels but were slow to raise the quality until the Japanese competition, which had been coming up, forced it. At that time, you could see with a naked eye the quality difference between Japanese sheet metal and American garbage.
In any case, salt was never a problem. One must be extremely lazy to leave salt on their car long enough to cause rust, and in the car culture of the East, maintaining one's car is much like being agreeable in Colorado.
05-20-2012, 02:11 PM
643 posts, read
2,384,617 times
Reputation: 535
How much experience do you have back East?
I've seen spring perches, control arms, and body panels rust through on both domestic and imports....
It took decades for the auto makes to come up with designs and galvanizing so rust was not a problem.
It only takes one trip through a snow storm and salted roads for rust to appear.
05-20-2012, 02:38 PM
Location: The 719
17,984 posts, read
27,442,251 times
Reputation: 17294
I've been back east and it seems to me that almost everything rusts or is rusting... fence posts, signs, etc.
I've seen rust pouring down onto the paint of fairly new cars... like from below the rear view mirrors.
Colorado and much of the high mountain deserts of the West are very dry and we do not have near the problems of rust that humid climates and places that use heavy salt have.
Add: now, although we don't have rust, we do have drastic effects from the sun which destroys paint jobs... once the clear coat wears off... and which also destroys car interiors. The sun is brutal up here.
05-20-2012, 02:41 PM
643 posts, read
2,384,617 times
Reputation: 535
Quote:
Originally Posted by
McGowdog
I've been back east and it seems to me that almost everything rusts or is rusting... fence posts, signs, etc.
I've seen rust pouring down onto the paint of fairly new cars... like from below the rear view mirrors.
Colorado and much of the high mountain deserts of the West are very dry and we do not have near the problems of rust that humid climates and places that use heavy salt have.
Exactly. They don't call it the Rust Belt for nothing.
05-20-2012, 02:51 PM
1,512 posts, read
1,821,656 times
Reputation: 584
Quote:
Originally Posted by
md21722
How much experience do you have back East?
I've seen spring perches, control arms, and body panels rust through on both domestic and imports....
It took decades for the auto makes to come up with designs and galvanizing so rust was not a problem.
It only takes one trip through a snow storm and salted roads for rust to appear.
Enough experience to share the facts about salt and cars with Westerners. The problem with rust was that the quality of the sheet steel was low and the processors, particularly the Americans, coated over garbage. The imperfections caused the coating to break away in little specks, and that left bare metal. The underbody of the car, the members to which you're referring and the frame, were never galvanized. They were painted or oiled, and frequently treated with undercoating.
It didn't take the U.S. automakers years to overcome rust; it took the Japanese competition to force them to stop producing junk. (Another edit.) To understand what I mean by junk: American manufacturers were building cars with parts that were pre-rusted. Before the panels were painted, they were coated gray. They weren't galvanized (as I previously said) they were coated with a primer. When the parts came from the processor, the rust under the coating was visible. It certainly wasn't from salt.
What you may be referring to is galvanization of unibody members, which challenges your theory since I never had to have a car inspected and that would cause problems in the dates because I began driving when unibodies were becoming popular and never had an inspection.
It may take one trip for rust to appear on bare steel, but all the steel has always been coated. The car must first run over something to expose the metal, and then run through salt, and then be overlooked for many years by every mechanic that looks under there before real damage is caused.
Quote:
Originally Posted by
md21722
Exactly. They don't call it the Rust Belt for nothing.
It's called the rust belt because when the factories close, they become rusting behemoths, and there are many of them.
BTW: I'm not trying to sell you on salt. The fact is that the West has lots of sand. The East has lots of salt. My preference
is salt, but not at the price it'd take to get it here.
Quote:
Originally Posted by
McGowdog
Colorado and much of the high mountain deserts of the West are very dry and we do not have near the problems of rust that humid climates and places that use heavy salt have.
Add: now, although we don't have rust, we do have drastic effects from the sun which destroys paint jobs... once the clear coat wears off... and which also destroys car interiors. The sun is brutal up here.
Don't forget the effect of sand on glass and finish.
Last edited by The Homogenizer; 05-20-2012 at 03:23 PM ..
05-20-2012, 08:28 PM
8,317 posts, read
29,461,631 times
Reputation: 9306
Salt and water on exposed steel will cause rust over time. Period. The difference between the East and West is the absence of constant moisture and humidity in the West. Thus, exposure to salt AND water has always been less in the arid West. Also, until relatively recent decades, there was not a lot of salt used on roads in the Rocky Mountain region. That has changed--in a very bad way. Now, Colorado and other Rocky Mountain states are addicted to using magnesium chloride on the roads in winter. Magnesium chloride is a salt--and is even more corrosive than sodium chloride because it is solution that clings to surfaces and is very difficult to wash off. Much of the damage from mag chloride is not seen by the average driver. It is occurring on the undercarriage of the car where most people don't think to wash thoroughly when washing the vehicle.
By the way, there is plenty of salt produced in the Rocky Mountain region. Both sodium chloride and magnesium chloride are heavily produced from the area in and around the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
05-20-2012, 10:29 PM
1,512 posts, read
1,821,656 times
Reputation: 584
Quote:
Originally Posted by
jazzlover
Salt and water on exposed steel will cause rust over time.
Had there been a contrary statement?
Quote:
By the way, there is plenty of salt produced in the Rocky Mountain region. Both sodium chloride and magnesium chloride are heavily produced from the area in and around the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
I see that you need some help with polite exits too? I've been using the "both East and West are great but different" routine. It's true, but requires a little fudging of facts at times; thanks for the defudging
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Most Common Occupations - Healthcare support occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Protective service occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Fire fighting and prevention, and other protective service workers including supervisors (%)
Most Common Occupations - Law enforcement workers including supervisors (%)
Most Common Occupations - Food preparation and serving related occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Personal care and service occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Sales and office occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Sales and related occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Office and administrative support occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Construction and extraction occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Production, transportation, and material moving occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Production occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Transportation occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Material moving occupations (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - Correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Federal prisons and detention centers (%)
People in Group quarters - Halfway houses (%)
People in Group quarters - Local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military disciplinary barracks (%)
People in Group quarters - State prisons (%)
People in Group quarters - Other types of correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Nursing homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards, hospices, and schools for the handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards and hospices for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospices or homes for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Military hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Other hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals or wards for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals or wards (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the deaf (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the blind (%)
People in Group quarters - Orthopedic wards and institutions for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in general hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in military hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Juvenile institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Long-term care (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for abused, dependent, and neglected children (%)
People in Group quarters - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children (%)
People in Group quarters - Training schools for juvenile delinquents (%)
People in Group quarters - Short-term care, detention or diagnostic centers for delinquent children (%)
People in Group quarters - Type of juvenile institution unknown (%)
People in Group quarters - Noninstitutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - College dormitories (includes college quarters off campus) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - On base (%)
People in Group quarters - Barracks, unaccompanied personnel housing (UPH), (Enlisted/Officer), ;and similar group living quarters for military personnel (%)
People in Group quarters - Transient quarters for temporary residents (%)
People in Group quarters - Military ships (%)
People in Group quarters - Group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes or halfway houses for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Other group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Religious group quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - Dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Agriculture workers' dormitories on farms (%)
People in Group quarters - Job Corps and vocational training facilities (%)
People in Group quarters - Other workers' dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Crews of maritime vessels (%)
People in Group quarters - Other nonhousehold living situations (%)
People in Group quarters - Other noninstitutional group quarters (%)
Residents speaking English at home (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking other language at home (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Foreign born (%)
Class of Workers - Employee of private company (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed in own incorporated business (%)
Class of Workers - Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers (%)
Class of Workers - Local government workers (%)
Class of Workers - State government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Federal government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business and Unpaid family workers (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - No fuel used (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - No fuel used (%)
Armed forces status - In Armed Forces (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Veteran (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Nonveteran (%)
Fatal accidents locations in years 2005-2021
Fatal accidents locations in 2005
Fatal accidents locations in 2006
Fatal accidents locations in 2007
Fatal accidents locations in 2008
Fatal accidents locations in 2009
Fatal accidents locations in 2010
Fatal accidents locations in 2011
Fatal accidents locations in 2012
Fatal accidents locations in 2013
Fatal accidents locations in 2014
Fatal accidents locations in 2015
Fatal accidents locations in 2016
Fatal accidents locations in 2017
Fatal accidents locations in 2018
Fatal accidents locations in 2019
Fatal accidents locations in 2020
Fatal accidents locations in 2021
Alcohol use - People drinking some alcohol every month (%)
Alcohol use - People not drinking at all (%)
Alcohol use - Average days/month drinking alcohol
Alcohol use - Average drinks/week
Alcohol use - Average days/year people drink much
Audiometry - Average condition of hearing (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear a whisper from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear normal voice from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - Ears ringing, roaring, buzzing (%)
Audiometry - Had a job exposure to loud noise (%)
Audiometry - Had off-work exposure to loud noise (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high blood pressure (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Checking blood pressure at home (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Frequently checking blood cholesterol (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high cholesterol level (%)
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at supermarket/grocery store
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at other stores
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on eating out
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on carryout/delivered foods
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at supermarket/grocery store (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at other stores (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on eating out (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on carryout/delivered foods (%)
Current Health Status - General health condition (%)
Current Health Status - Blood donors (%)
Current Health Status - Has blood ever tested for HIV virus (%)
Current Health Status - Left-handed people (%)
Dermatology - People using sunscreen (%)
Diabetes - Diabetics (%)
Diabetes - Had a blood test for high blood sugar (%)
Diabetes - People taking insulin (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Diet health (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Milk product consumption (# of products/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals not home prepared (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals from fast food or pizza place (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Ready-to-eat foods (#/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Frozen meals/pizza (#/month)
Drug Use - People that ever used marijuana or hashish (%)
Drug Use - Ever used hard drugs (%)
Drug Use - Ever used any form of cocaine (%)
Drug Use - Ever used heroin (%)
Drug Use - Ever used methamphetamine (%)
Health Insurance - People covered by health insurance (%)
Kidney Conditions-Urology - Avg. # of times urinating at night
Medical Conditions - People with asthma (%)
Medical Conditions - People with anemia (%)
Medical Conditions - People with psoriasis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with overweight (%)
Medical Conditions - Elderly people having difficulties in thinking or remembering (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever received blood transfusion (%)
Medical Conditions - People having trouble seeing even with glass/contacts (%)
Medical Conditions - People with arthritis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with gout (%)
Medical Conditions - People with congestive heart failure (%)
Medical Conditions - People with coronary heart disease (%)
Medical Conditions - People with angina pectoris (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had heart attack (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had stroke (%)
Medical Conditions - People with emphysema (%)
Medical Conditions - People with thyroid problem (%)
Medical Conditions - People with chronic bronchitis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with any liver condition (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had cancer or malignancy (%)
Mental Health - People who have little interest in doing things (%)
Mental Health - People feeling down, depressed, or hopeless (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble sleeping or sleeping too much (%)
Mental Health - People feeling tired or having little energy (%)
Mental Health - People with poor appetite or overeating (%)
Mental Health - People feeling bad about themself (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble concentrating on things (%)
Mental Health - People moving or speaking slowly or too fast (%)
Mental Health - People having thoughts they would be better off dead (%)
Oral Health - Average years since last visit a dentist
Oral Health - People embarrassed because of mouth (%)
Oral Health - People with gum disease (%)
Oral Health - General health of teeth and gums (%)
Oral Health - Average days a week using dental floss/device
Oral Health - Average days a week using mouthwash for dental problem
Oral Health - Average number of teeth
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to control insects (%)
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to kill weeds (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People walking or bicycling (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - Average hours a day doing sedentary activities
Physical Activity - Average hours a day watching TV or videos
Physical Activity - Average hours a day using computer
Physical Functioning - People having limitations keeping them from working (%)
Physical Functioning - People limited in amount of work they can do (%)
Physical Functioning - People that need special equipment to walk (%)
Physical Functioning - People experiencing confusion/memory problems (%)
Physical Functioning - People requiring special healthcare equipment (%)
Prescription Medications - Average number of prescription medicines taking
Preventive Aspirin Use - Adults 40+ taking low-dose aspirin (%)
Reproductive Health - Vaginal deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Cesarean deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Deliveries resulted in a live birth (%)
Reproductive Health - Pregnancies resulted in a delivery (%)
Reproductive Health - Women breastfeeding newborns (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had a hysterectomy (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had both ovaries removed (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever taken birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women taking birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used Depo-Provera or injectables (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used female hormones (%)
Sexual Behavior - People 18+ that ever had sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had anal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had any sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had anal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had any kind of sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first had sex
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female vaginal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a woman (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of woman performed oral sex on in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male anal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a man (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male oral sex partners in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - People using protection when performing oral sex (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of times people have vaginal or anal sex a year
Sexual Behavior - People having sex without condom (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male vaginal sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Circumcised males 18+ (%)
Sleep Disorders - Average hours sleeping at night
Sleep Disorders - People that has trouble sleeping (%)
Smoking-Cigarette Use - People smoking cigarettes (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with smell (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with taste (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had wisdom teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had tonsils teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a loss of consciousness because of a head injury (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a broken nose or other serious injury to face or skull (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had two or more sinus infections (%)
Weight - Average height (inches)
Weight - Average weight (pounds)
Weight - Average BMI
Weight - People that are obese (%)
Weight - People that ever were obese (%)
Weight - People trying to lose weight (%)