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St Louis has a large German Catholic population - Also as noted by others - the small towns of the Missouri River Valley from St. Louis West to Jeff City and south from St Louis to Cape and on the Illinois side have a large Catholic presence - Often these towns will have 3 historic churches - One Catholic, one Lutheran (almost always Missouri Synod) and one UCC - United Church of Christ - Formerly the Deutsche Evangelische Kirche (very similar to Lutheran)- The Presbyterians, Methodists and others were often late comers
Cincinnati has a large number of German Catholics. Some came with the 48ers; some came later as a result of Kulturkampf.
Before I moved to Cincinnati, I'd never heard of 48ers or Kulturkampf. The German descendants I knew in NW Pennsylvania tended to be Protestant.
In addition to the 48ers and the Kulturkampf, we had a big wave of German immigrants in the 1950s. This aided in Cincinnati's sprawling Germanic society headquarters and multiple fests in isolated areas because it was right after the period where German-Americans in Over-the-Rhine were forced out by anti-German sentiment and a wave of Appalachians populated the central city. Cincinnati as a whole is a German city, but it's core German neighborhoods were decimated more-so than other German cities like St Louis and Milwaukee because of the successive waves of Appalachian and Southern Black migrants.
My guess would be Wisconsin. Very significant German Catholic population there.
wisconsin is home to a lot of lutherans as is my understanding. growing up in the lutheran church we had several pastors who attended school in wisconsin and two who were home grown wisconsinites.
NW and West central Ohio has a HUGE german ancestry with towns named Minster, New Bremen, Van Wert, etc.... My understanding is that many of these folk are german protestants and not german catholics.
wisconsin is home to a lot of lutherans as is my understanding. growing up in the lutheran church we had several pastors who attended school in wisconsin and two who were home grown wisconsinites.
While I'm sure there's some German Lutherans in Wisconsin, the Lutheran influence up there owes mostly to its Scandinavian heritage. There's sort of an east/west divide in Wisconsin with Catholic (primarily German both others as well) in the eastern half and Scandinavian Lutheran in the western half.
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