Don't know where you are looking, but the City Data that I looked at is this for Neodesha:
Races in Neodesha:
White Non-Hispanic (95.5%)
Hispanic (2.1%)
American Indian (1.5%)
Two or more races (1.4%)
Other race (0.8%)
Also by Kansas standards Neodesha is really not that small with an estimated population in July 2005: 2,652.
You can also check out this link and also find that what is posted in the City Data appears to be correct:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodesha,_Kansas
I looked as I do know of a small village in north western Kansas that is mainly African-American. This small town was founded shortly after the Civil War called Nicodemus it is located in Graham County. The County seat is Hill City. I don't think that Nicodemus is even still there and if there are people still living in Nicodemus there are not very many. Nicodemus is a National Park at this time. You can see what Nicodemus looks like and learn about Nicodemus by going to this web link,
http://www.kansastravel.org/nicodemus.htm enjoy.