11-18-2008, 12:19 PM
11 posts, read
31,920 times
Reputation: 13
Just got a job offer in Saginaw - need info on Saginaw
I just got a job offer in Saginaw and I've been hearing some scary things about Saginaw. The job will require a lot of travel in the city. I want to know if the city is safe enough for a 22 year old female on her own. Any information on Saginaw will be helpful - the more detailed the better.
Thanks!
11-18-2008, 01:34 PM
Location: Traverse City here we come!
3,607 posts, read
3,538,976 times
Reputation: 2308
Maybe take some self defense classes first.
11-18-2008, 06:58 PM
11 posts, read
31,920 times
Reputation: 13
Yeah, that's what I've been dreading. I'm a pretty sheltered girl and I want to know if I'm just being a wuss if I don't take this job. It's a really good position and the pay is decent (being my first job out of college and all) and I would've taken the job in a heartbeat if it wasn't in Saginaw. I guess I'm just working on a pro-con list right now - I have to have a decision by Thursday afternoon.
11-18-2008, 08:12 PM
Location: Mid-MI, dreaming of somewhere else
248 posts, read
428,096 times
Reputation: 136
I think it would be fine, honestly. I work in a very bad part of Saginaw and have never felt unsafe, you just have to use common sense (lock your car doors, look behind you in parking lots, etc). Even in the worst neighborhoods in Saginaw, you're still most at risk if you're hanging around outside after dark. Obviously I can't offer guarantees like "there will be no problems" because then sure enough something would happen, and of course Saginaw overall has a higher crime rate than average, but as someone who grew up in the city of Saginaw and works in "the projects" (e.g. one of the worst parts of the city), I can say that a lot of the negative hype about Saginaw is overblown. In today's tight job economy I would really question whether it was wise to turn down a good job just because it's in Saginaw - though I *would* advise actually living in a better part of the area, such as the township, Freeland, Auburn, or even Midland (though you'd have a longer drive).
11-19-2008, 10:18 AM
Location: Niles, Michigan
1,692 posts, read
1,902,401 times
Reputation: 822
I lived in the area all my life and as well worked on the east side without ever a issues. In fact use to walk at lunch time. I would say if you are moving there from another state be sure this job is worth it. WE had to move out of Michigan last Summer because there aren't many jobs. If you loose your job you might not get another one.
11-19-2008, 05:17 PM
11 posts, read
31,920 times
Reputation: 13
I live about 2 hours away from Saginaw. I'll be working kitty corner from the Dow Event Center, is that area particularly safe. Yeah I know the economy is really bad right now, especially Michigan - so I'm really confused.
11-19-2008, 07:16 PM
Location: Fort Myers, FL
1,287 posts, read
1,626,345 times
Reputation: 241
mace is $10-$20, get one. you should be fine
11-20-2008, 07:41 AM
258 posts, read
414,191 times
Reputation: 83
Quote:
Originally Posted by
sweetiris03
I just got a job offer in Saginaw and I've been hearing some scary things about Saginaw. The job will require a lot of travel in the city. I want to know if the city is safe enough for a 22 year old female on her own. Any information on Saginaw will be helpful - the more detailed the better.
Thanks!
Unless you're desperate for a job, I'd pass on it. Yes, you "may" not have any problems, but Saginaw struggles with high crime and the same deterioration of its "inner self" as so many Michigan towns do. I'd sure not want to be having to spend lots of time moving around in the inner city on a job there. I hope you have some other options!
11-20-2008, 12:56 PM
Location: Niles, Michigan
1,692 posts, read
1,902,401 times
Reputation: 822
Well I been to that area several times. If you have a good job with a stable company take it. I love Michigan and Saginaw. I grew up there but for the last 17 years lived in Reese. There is crime in Saginaw and I don't know where there isn't. THe ecomomy isn't great and when it goes down crime goes up more. If this is a day job it would be better. There are alot of people who work at the State building which isn't far from the place you said. There are good places to live in Saginaw but I just would be sure the job is worth it. If you loose the job it would be hard to find another one.
11-21-2008, 09:03 AM
4 posts, read
27,298 times
Reputation: 10
l moved to Saginaw County in 1995, and moved out in 1997. For a 22 year old young woman, I would not recommend Saginaw as a place to live and/or work. If your job requires that you travel throughout the entire city, you might want to reconsider. The tone of the city is pretty negative, street crime and gang activity is a daily thing. Your risk is mitigated by doing smart things like developing a social life outside of the Saginaw/Beuna Vista/Bridgeport area. In addition all of the recommendations previously mentioned are good advice, but keep in mind, Saginaw has been living in normal hard times for the last 5 to 6 years. We are entering a more acute stage of hard times right now. In a period of acute hard times, more people feel despair, and the chance of criminal behavior increases because the consequences of getting caught is less than the benefits of the criminal behavior.
Please register to post and access all features of our very popular forum. It is free and quick. Over $53,000 in prizes has already been given out to active posters on our forum. Additional giveaways are planned.
Detailed information about all U.S. cities, counties, and zip codes on our site: City-data.com .
Data:
Median household income ($)
Median household income (% change since 2000)
Races - White alone (%)
Races - White alone (% change since 2000)
Races - Black alone (%)
Races - Black alone (% change since 2000)
Races - American Indian alone (%)
Races - American Indian alone (% change since 2000)
Races - Asian alone (%)
Races - Asian alone (% change since 2000)
Races - Hispanic (%)
Races - Hispanic (% change since 2000)
Races - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone (%)
Races - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone (% change since 2000)
Races - Two or more races (%)
Races - Two or more races (% change since 2000)
Races - Other race alone (%)
Races - Other race alone (% change since 2000)
Unemployment (%)
Unemployment (% change since 2000)
Population density (people per square mile)
Likely homosexual households (%)
Likely homosexual households (% change since 2000)
Likely homosexual households - Lesbian couples (%)
Likely homosexual households - Lesbian couples (% change since 2000)
Likely homosexual households - Gay men (%)
Likely homosexual households - Gay men (% change since 2000)
Median house or condo value ($)
Median house or condo value ($ change since 2000)
Median resident age
Commute - mean travel time to work (minutes)
Marital status - Never married (%)
Marital status - Now married (%)
Marital status - Separated (%)
Marital status - Widowed (%)
Marital status - Divorced (%)
Owner occupied housing units (%)
Renter occupied housing units (%)
Median gross rent ($)
Median contract rent ($)
Median monthly housing costs ($)
Population - Males (%)
Population - Females (%)
Median family income ($)
Median family income (% change since 2000)
Median non-family income ($)
Median non-family income (% change since 2000)
Median per capita income ($)
Median per capita income (% change since 2000)
Year house built - Built 2005 or later (%)
Year house built - Built 2000 to 2004 (%)
Year house built - Built 1990 to 1999 (%)
Year house built - Built 1980 to 1989 (%)
Year house built - Built 1970 to 1979 (%)
Year house built - Built 1960 to 1969 (%)
Year house built - Built 1950 to 1959 (%)
Year house built - Built 1940 to 1949 (%)
Year house built - Built 1939 or earlier (%)
Average household size
Vacancy status - For rent (%)
Vacancy status - For sale only (%)
Vacancy status - Rented or sold, not occupied (%)
Vacancy status - For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use (%)
Vacancy status - For migrant workers (%)
Vacancy status - Other vacant (%)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 1, detached ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 1, attached ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 2 ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure by units in structure - 3 or 4 ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 5 or more ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - Boat, RV, van, etc. ($)
Mean house or condo value by units in structure - Mobile home ($)
Household density (households per square mile)
Residents with income below the poverty level (%)
Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level (%)
Children below poverty level (%)
Poor families by family type - Married-couple family (%)
Poor families by family type - Male, no wife present (%)
Poor families by family type - Female, no husband present (%)
Poverty status for native-born residents (%)
Poverty status for foreign-born residents (%)
Poverty among high school graduates not in families (%)
Poverty among people who did not graduate high school not in families (%)
Ancestries Reported - Arab (%)
Ancestries Reported - Czech (%)
Ancestries Reported - Danish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Dutch (%)
Ancestries Reported - English (%)
Ancestries Reported - French (%)
Ancestries Reported - French Canadian (%)
Ancestries Reported - German (%)
Ancestries Reported - Greek (%)
Ancestries Reported - Hungarian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Irish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Italian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Lithuanian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Norwegian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Polish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Portuguese (%)
Ancestries Reported - Russian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Scotch-Irish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Scottish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Slovak (%)
Ancestries Reported - Subsaharan African (%)
Ancestries Reported - Swedish (%)
Ancestries Reported - Swiss (%)
Ancestries Reported - Ukrainian (%)
Ancestries Reported - United States (%)
Ancestries Reported - Welsh (%)
Ancestries Reported - West Indian (%)
Ancestries Reported - Other (%)
Educational Attainment - No schooling completed (%)
Educational Attainment - Less than high school (%)
Educational Attainment - High school or equivalent (%)
Educational Attainment - Less than 1 year of college (%)
Educational Attainment - 1 or more years of college (%)
Educational Attainment - Associate degree (%)
Educational Attainment - Bachelor's degree (%)
Educational Attainment - Master's degree (%)
Educational Attainment - Professional school degree (%)
Educational Attainment - Doctorate degree (%)
School Enrollment - Nursery, preschool (%)
School Enrollment - Kindergarten (%)
School Enrollment - Grade 1 to 4 (%)
School Enrollment - Grade 5 to 8 (%)
School Enrollment - Grade 9 to 12 (%)
School Enrollment - College undergrad (%)
School Enrollment - Graduate or professional (%)
School Enrollment - Not enrolled in school (%)
Houses owner occupied (%)
Houses renter occupied (%)
Houses occupied (%)
Median year house/condo built
Median year apartment built
House/condo owner moved in on average (years ago)
Renter moved in on average (years ago)
Median number of rooms in houses and condos
Median number of rooms in apartments
Mortgage status - with mortgage (%)
Mortgage status - with second mortgage (%)
Mortgage status - with home equity loan (%)
Mortgage status - with both second mortgage and home equity loan (%)
Mortgage status - without a mortgage (%)
Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities (%)
Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities (%)
Average family size
Households with people 60 years and over (%)
Households with people 65 years and over (%)
Households with people 75 years and over (%)
Households with one or more nonrelatives (%)
Households with no nonrelatives (%)
Population in households (%)
Occupied housing units (%)
Vacant housing units (%)
Family households (%)
Nonfamily households (%)
Population in families (%)
Family households with own children (%)
Geographical mobility - Same house 1 year ago (%)
Geographical mobility - Moved within same county (%)
Geographical mobility - Moved from different county within same state (%)
Geographical mobility - Moved from different state (%)
Geographical mobility - Moved from abroad (%)
Place of birth - Born in state of residence (%)
Place of birth - Born in other state (%)
Place of birth - Native, outside of US (%)
Place of birth - Foreign born (%)
Housing units in structures - 1, detached (%)
Housing units in structures - 1, attached (%)
Housing units in structures - 2 (%)
Housing units in structures - 3 or 4 (%)
Housing units in structures - 5 to 9 (%)
Housing units in structures - 10 to 19 (%)
Housing units in structures - 20 to 49 (%)
Housing units in structures - 50 or more (%)
Housing units in structures - Mobile home (%)
Housing units in structures - Boat, RV, van, etc. (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1999 to March 2000 (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1995 to 1998 (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1990 to 1994 (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1980 to 1989 (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1970 to 1979 (%)
Year householder moved into unit - Moved in 1969 or earlier (%)
Means of transportation to work - Drove car alone (%)
Means of transportation to work - Carpooled (%)
Means of transportation to work - Public transportation (%)
Means of transportation to work - Bus or trolley bus (%)
Means of transportation to work - Streetcar or trolley car (%)
Means of transportation to work - Subway or elevated (%)
Means of transportation to work - Railroad (%)
Means of transportation to work - Ferryboat (%)
Means of transportation to work - Taxicab (%)
Means of transportation to work - Motorcycle (%)
Means of transportation to work - Bicycle (%)
Means of transportation to work - Walked (%)
Means of transportation to work - Other means (%)
Working at home (%)
Common Industries - Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining (%)
Common Industries - Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (%)
Common Industries - Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction (%)
Common Industries - Construction (%)
Common Industries - Manufacturing (%)
Common Industries - Wholesale trade (%)
Common Industries - Retail trade (%)
Common Industries - Transportation and warehousing, and utilities (%)
Common Industries - Transportation and warehousing (%)
Common Industries - Utilities (%)
Common Industries - Information (%)
Common Industries - Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing (%)
Common Industries - Finance and insurance (%)
Common Industries - Real estate and rental and leasing (%)
Common Industries - Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (%)
Common Industries - Professional, scientific, and technical services (%)
Common Industries - Management of companies and enterprises (%)
Common Industries - Administrative and support and waste management services (%)
Common Industries - Educational services, and health care and social assistance (%)
Common Industries - Educational services (%)
Common Industries - Health care and social assistance (%)
Common Industries - Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services (%)
Common Industries - Arts, entertainment, and recreation (%)
Common Industries - Accommodation and food services (%)
Common Industries - Other services, except public administration (%)
Common Industries - Public administration (%)
Common Occupations - Management, professional, and related occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Management, business, and financial occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Management occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Business and financial operations occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Professional and related occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Computer and mathematical occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Architecture and engineering occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Life, physical, and social science occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Community and social services occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Legal occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Education, training, and library occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and other technical occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Health technologists and technicians (%)
Common Occupations - Service occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Healthcare support occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Protective service occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Fire fighting and prevention, and other protective service workers(%)
Common Occupations - Law enforcement workers including supervisors (%)
Common Occupations - Food preparation and serving related occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Personal care and service occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Sales and office occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Sales and related occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Office and administrative support occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Construction and extraction occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Production, transportation, and material moving occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Production occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Transportation and material moving occupations (%)
Common Occupations - Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers(%)
Common Occupations - Motor vehicle operators (%)
Common Occupations - Material moving workers (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - Correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Federal prisons and detention centers (%)
People in Group quarters - Halfway houses (%)
People in Group quarters - Local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military disciplinary barracks (%)
People in Group quarters - State prisons (%)
People in Group quarters - Other types of correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Nursing homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards, hospices, and schools for the handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards and hospices for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospices or homes for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Military hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Other hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals or wards for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals or wards (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the deaf (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the blind (%)
People in Group quarters - Orthopedic wards and institutions for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in general hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in military hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Juvenile institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Long-term care (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for abused, dependent, and neglected children (%)
People in Group quarters - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children (%)
People in Group quarters - Training schools for juvenile delinquents (%)
People in Group quarters - Short-term care, detention or diagnostic centers for delinquent children (%)
People in Group quarters - Type of juvenile institution unknown (%)
People in Group quarters - Noninstitutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - College dormitories (includes college quarters off campus) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - On base (%)
People in Group quarters - Barracks, unaccompanied personnel housing (UPH), (Enlisted/Officer) (%)
People in Group quarters - Transient quarters for temporary residents (%)
People in Group quarters - Military ships (%)
People in Group quarters - Group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes or halfway houses for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Other group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Religious group quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - Dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Agriculture workers' dormitories on farms (%)
People in Group quarters - Job Corps and vocational training facilities (%)
People in Group quarters - Other workers' dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Crews of maritime vessels (%)
People in Group quarters - Other nonhousehold living situations (%)
People in Group quarters - Other noninstitutional group quarters (%)
Density of houses
Urban houses (%)
Rural houses (%)
Residents speaking English at home (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking other language at home (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Foreign born (%)
Class of Workers - Employee of private company (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed in own incorporated business (%)
Class of Workers - Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers (%)
Class of Workers - Local government workers (%)
Class of Workers - State government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Federal government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business and Unpaid family workers (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - No fuel used (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - No fuel used (%)
Median household income ($) - White
Median household income ($) - Black or African American
Median household income ($) - Asian
Median household income ($) - Hispanic or Latino
Median household income ($) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median household income ($) - Multirace
Median household income ($) - Other
Median family income ($) - White
Median family income ($) - Black or African American
Median family income ($) - Asian
Median family income ($) - Hispanic or Latino
Median family income ($) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median family income ($) - Multirace
Median family income ($) - Other
Unemployment (%) - White
Unemployment (%) - Black or African American
Unemployment (%) - Asian
Unemployment (%) - Hispanic or Latino
Unemployment (%) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Unemployment (%) - Multirace
Unemployment (%) - Other
Median house or condo value ($) - White
Median house or condo value ($) - Black or African American
Median house or condo value ($) - Asian
Median house or condo value ($) - Hispanic or Latino
Median house or condo value ($) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median house or condo value ($) - Multirace
Median house or condo value ($) - Other
Population - Males (%) - White
Population - Males (%) - Black or African American
Population - Males (%) - Asian
Population - Males (%) - Hispanic or Latino
Population - Males (%) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Population - Males (%) - Multirace
Population - Males (%) - Other
Population - Females (%) - White
Population - Females (%) - Black or African American
Population - Females (%) - Asian
Population - Females (%) - Hispanic or Latino
Population - Females (%) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Population - Females (%) - Multirace
Population - Females (%) - Other
Armed forces status - In Armed Forces (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Veteran (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Nonveteran (%)
Median household income for houses/condos with a mortgage ($)
Median household income for apartments without a mortgage ($)
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - White
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - Black or African American
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - Asian
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - Hispanic or Latino
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - American Indian and Alaska Native
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - Multirace
Residents with income below the poverty level (%) - Other
Median resident age - Males
Median resident age - Females
Median resident age - White
Median resident age - Black or African American
Median resident age - Asian
Median resident age - Hispanic or Latino
Median resident age - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median resident age - Multirace
Median resident age - Other
Median resident age - Males - White
Median resident age - Males - Black or African American
Median resident age - Males - Asian
Median resident age - Males - Hispanic or Latino
Median resident age - Males - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median resident age - Males - Multirace
Median resident age - Males - Other
Median resident age - Females - White
Median resident age - Females - Black or African American
Median resident age - Females - Asian
Median resident age - Females - Hispanic or Latino
Median resident age - Females - American Indian and Alaska Native
Median resident age - Females - Multirace
Median resident age - Females - Other
Average household size - White
Average household size - Black or African American
Average household size - Asian
Average household size - Hispanic or Latino
Average household size - American Indian and Alaska Native
Average household size - Multirace
Average household size - Other
Average family size - White
Average family size - Black or African American
Average family size - Asian
Average family size - Hispanic or Latino
Average family size - American Indian and Alaska Native
Average family size - Multirace
Average family size - Other
Similar Threads
Saginaw / Bay City , Michigan, 5 replies
Moving to MI...Saginaw Rental info needed! , Michigan, 18 replies
Saginaw anyone? , Michigan, 55 replies
What is Saginaw Like? , Michigan, 21 replies
Saginaw, MI: We're number one! , Michigan, 7 replies
Saginaw area , Michigan, 14 replies
View detailed profiles of: