Our biggest city , as stated above, is Burlington. Population of about 40K, metro area 150K,maybe a little more.
Not sure what you could find for $650. Rents are very expensive in Burlington. For ideas on housing costs check out craigslist,
Seven Days | Vermont's Independent Voice, or
burlingtonfreepress.com | The Burlington Free Press | Burlington news, community, entertainment, yellow pages and classifieds. Serving Burlington, Vermont
The local universities/colleges are the University of Vermont, Champlain College, St. Michael's College, Burlington College, and the Community College of Vermont. Hopefully I'm not forgetting one.
Vermont is one of the least diverse states in the nation. Burlington has some diveristy, but not a lot. The arts are very popular here.
Can't really help with your other questions, but read through the SEven Days website-you might be able to find some info there.
If you've never been, I highly recommend coming up for a visit. You can get good deals on JetBlue out of JFK to Burlington.