One question that needs to be asked that you did not address was employment. How do you plan to support yourself?
Montpelier is a town of about 8,000 people and is the state capitol.
Middlebury is a small college town of about 7,000 people.
That being said, I am most familiar with Middlebury.
1. Atmosphere - both towns have small, but fairly vibrant downtowns. Both towns have their movie theater downtown. Both have small restaraunts & shops. As far as an outsider fitting in, you definately would not have a problem in Midd as the college draws people from all over. Can't comment for Montpelier.
2. Religion - People are not overly religious. Yes, folks go to church, but its not a huge part of people's lives like it is in other parts of the country.
3. Politics - Middlebury, because of the college is pretty liberal. You get out into the rural areas and I think you'll find that most folks consider them moderate, though left leaning. Not sure about Montpelier.
4. Safety - Vermont is very safe. Just use your common sense like you would anywhere.
5. You'll want a car. The nearest city? Burlington, our largest "city" is only about 40,000 people, metro area a bit over 150K. Greater Burlington is about 35-45 minutes from Montpelier and an hour from Middlebury. Boston is 3ish hours south of Montpelier. Albany about 2.5 hours from Middlebury, then of course you have Montreal which would be about 2 hours from Montpelier and 2.5 from Middlebury.
These two towns are very small in rural areas. Do you have any experience living in a small town/rural area? It can be quite the culture shock for some-just keep that in mind
