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I think the humid continental/subarctic boundary should go by days. Something like at least 110-140 days with a mean of 10.0 C / 50.0 F or higher, depending on annual mean (3.0 C+ = 110 days, below 0.0 C = 140 days)
Per WeatherSpark, Happy Valley - Goose Bay's 10 C+ window by mean is June 9 - September 15, giving it just 99 days. With a yearly mean of exactly 0.0 C / 32.0 F, it falls well short of humid continental. Definite Dfc!!! POR is 1974-2012.
Per WeatherSpark, Umea's 10 C+ window by mean is June 2 - September 16, giving it 107 days. Still a Dfc, but closer to Dfb than Happy Valley - Goose Bay. POR is 1991-2012.
Per WeatherSpark, Tampere's 10 C+ window by mean is May 23 - September 17, giving it 118 days. I would call it a Dfb.
Personally, I'd make a more subtle gradation, where:
3.0+ C annual mean - only requires 110 days of 10+ C
Each 0.1 C it falls short of 3.0 C annual mean requires an additional day above 10 C.
0.0 C annual mean or lower - requires the full 150 days of 10+ C.
For instance, a climate with a 2.0 C annual mean needs 120 days, and a 1.0 C annual mean needs 130 days.
I propose that the line be drawn along the warmth index I = 10'C given that I = (W+M)/2 with W and M being the average temperature of the warmest month and the mean temperature respectively.
This will put Happy Valley-Goose Bay at I = 7.75'C, well north of the border.
Here is a approximate comparison between the I = 10'C line and the Koppen Dfc line in North America (mountainous areas are smoothed out). Expect for areas immediately south of Hudson Bay and the Bering Sea, Koppen's line runs near or slightly north of mine:
Nah it is because September meets 10 C, something only possible on lower latitudes that have naughty annual ranges. Similar things also happens in Eastern Russia by the Pacific as well. A seasonal lag that keeps August relatively warm (the only month warmer than Umeå). On average Umeå is more than 3 C milder in terms of the full year. That is why I would want a minimum yearly mean for a Dfb climate...
Koppen doesn't have a yearly mean temp threshold ...just 4 months with mean temp above 10C.
Umea comes very close....especially with those 2000-2015 POR
Not sure what is so magical or important about imposing a 3C yearly mean threshold,
of course will hurt NA climates and help Scandinavian climates. How about a 0C threshold?
NA climates have far colder winters, heck, Umea has a warmer winter at 64N
than Ottawa or Montreal, both at 45N
With a far warmer winter than Goose Bay, no wonder Umea has an annual mean
above 3C.
If you impose a 3C annual threshold even a city like Saskatoon becomes subarctic!
It probably feels subarctic lately....Prairies are under a severe cold snap,
something Umea rarely experiences
Here are some comparisons...
Ft McMurray 58N mean annual temp 1.0C
May 17/3 mean 9.9C
Jun 22/8 mean 14.6C
Jul 24/11 mean 17.1C
Aug 22/9 mean 15.4C
Sep 16/3 mean 9.5C
Ft Nelson, BC 59N mean annual temp -0.4C
May 16/3 mean 9.7C
Jun 22/9 mean 15.1C
Jul 23/11 mean 17.1C
Aug 21/9 mean 15.1C
Sep 15/3 mean 9.2C
Whitehorse Riverdale, Yukon 61N mean annual temp 0.2C (warmer than Ft Nelson,BC)
May 15/1 mean 8.0C
Jun 20/6 mean 13.1C
Jul 22/9 mean 15.1C
Aug 20/7 mean 13.1C
Sep 13/2 mean 7.5C
Saskatoon Airport 52N mean annual temp 2.6C (3.3C at city weather station)
May 18/4 mean 11.2C
Jun 22/9 mean 15.8C
Jul 25/12 mean 18.5C
Aug 25/10 mean 17.6C
Sep 18/5 mean 11.4C
Happy Valley-Goose Bay 53N
May 11/0 mean 5.6C
Jun 17/6 mean 11.4C
Jul 21/10 mean 15.5C
Aug 20/10 mean 15.1C
Sep 15/5 mean 10.0C
Umea, Sweden 64N
May 13/3 mean 7.9N
Jun 18/7 mean 12.5C
Jul 21/11 mean 15.9C
Aug 20/10 mean 14.7C
Sept 15/5 mean 9.9C
Conclusion....both Umea and Goose Bay are borderline humid continental/subarctic,
by Koppen and wiki articles state such, just worded differently.
Umea is very impressive for 64N....I wonder if places in Finland at similar latitude
are as warm? Like Jakobstad or Vaasa.
No wonder both Wikipedia articles state so, I was involved in writing them
What I did though is that if five months are above 10 C, annual temp doesn't matter. So for me Saskatoon is clearly Dfb
To me, however, McMurray and Goose Bay are subarctic, although very near the threshold, since there isn't enough winter heat to make up for no five months above 10C! Those are just my opinions however
I think the humid continental/subarctic boundary should go by days. Something like at least 110-140 days with a mean of 10.0 C / 50.0 F or higher, depending on annual mean (3.0 C+ = 110 days, below 0.0 C = 140 days)
Per WeatherSpark, Happy Valley - Goose Bay's 10 C+ window by mean is June 9 - September 15, giving it just 99 days. With a yearly mean of exactly 0.0 C / 32.0 F, it falls well short of humid continental. Definite Dfc!!! POR is 1974-2012.
Per WeatherSpark, Umea's 10 C+ window by mean is June 2 - September 16, giving it 107 days. Still a Dfc, but closer to Dfb than Happy Valley - Goose Bay. POR is 1991-2012.
Per WeatherSpark, Tampere's 10 C+ window by mean is May 23 - September 17, giving it 118 days. I would call it a Dfb.
Personally, I'd make a more subtle gradation, where:
3.0+ C annual mean - only requires 110 days of 10+ C
Each 0.1 C it falls short of 3.0 C annual mean requires an additional day above 10 C.
0.0 C annual mean or lower - requires the full 150 days of 10+ C.
For instance, a climate with a 2.0 C annual mean needs 120 days, and a 1.0 C annual mean needs 130 days.
Interesting system! It's complicated, but for advanced climatology with the modern computer systems I'd not say it's impossible to use Don't forget that Umeå uses the outdated 1961-1990 means for official numbers though, I'd fancy it to be 115-120 days as of now!
Koppen doesn't have a yearly mean temp threshold ...just 4 months with mean temp above 10C.
Umea comes very close....especially with those 2000-2015 POR
Not sure what is so magical or important about imposing a 3C yearly mean threshold,
of course will hurt NA climates and help Scandinavian climates. How about a 0C threshold?
NA climates have far colder winters, heck, Umea has a warmer winter at 64N
than Ottawa or Montreal, both at 45N
With a far warmer winter than Goose Bay, no wonder Umea has an annual mean
above 3C.
If you impose a 3C annual threshold even a city like Saskatoon becomes subarctic!
It probably feels subarctic lately....Prairies are under a severe cold snap,
something Umea rarely experiences
Here are some comparisons...
Ft McMurray 58N mean annual temp 1.0C
May 17/3 mean 9.9C
Jun 22/8 mean 14.6C
Jul 24/11 mean 17.1C
Aug 22/9 mean 15.4C
Sep 16/3 mean 9.5C
Ft Nelson, BC 59N mean annual temp -0.4C
May 16/3 mean 9.7C
Jun 22/9 mean 15.1C
Jul 23/11 mean 17.1C
Aug 21/9 mean 15.1C
Sep 15/3 mean 9.2C
Whitehorse Riverdale, Yukon 61N mean annual temp 0.2C (warmer than Ft Nelson,BC)
May 15/1 mean 8.0C
Jun 20/6 mean 13.1C
Jul 22/9 mean 15.1C
Aug 20/7 mean 13.1C
Sep 13/2 mean 7.5C
Saskatoon Airport 52N mean annual temp 2.6C (3.3C at city weather station)
May 18/4 mean 11.2C
Jun 22/9 mean 15.8C
Jul 25/12 mean 18.5C
Aug 25/10 mean 17.6C
Sep 18/5 mean 11.4C
Happy Valley-Goose Bay 53N
May 11/0 mean 5.6C
Jun 17/6 mean 11.4C
Jul 21/10 mean 15.5C
Aug 20/10 mean 15.1C
Sep 15/5 mean 10.0C
Umea, Sweden 64N
May 13/3 mean 7.9N
Jun 18/7 mean 12.5C
Jul 21/11 mean 15.9C
Aug 20/10 mean 14.7C
Sept 15/5 mean 9.9C
Conclusion....both Umea and Goose Bay are borderline humid continental/subarctic,
by Koppen and wiki articles state such, just worded differently.
Umea is very impressive for 64N....I wonder if places in Finland at similar latitude
are as warm? Like Jakobstad or Vaasa.
The Finnish side tends to be slightly colder for its latitudes than Sweden.
I think the humid continental/subarctic boundary should go by days. Something like at least 110-140 days with a mean of 10.0 C / 50.0 F or higher, depending on annual mean (3.0 C+ = 110 days, below 0.0 C = 140 days)
Interesting proposal. For Finland that boundary would be pretty much exactly where I would put the continental/subarctic divide.
Quote:
Originally Posted by BMI
Umea is very impressive for 64N....I wonder if places in Finland at similar latitude
are as warm? Like Jakobstad or Vaasa.
Yes, but it's that is for some reason a black hole for 1981-2010 normals, as they seem to change frequently the places of the weather stations there. Vaasa has had FOUR different 'official' stations since 1981.
Here's the box for Kronoby, halfway from Jakobstad to Kokkola:
Quote:
Originally Posted by Baba_Wethu
The Finnish side tends to be slightly colder for its latitudes than Sweden.
Not anymore after 62N north from Sundsvall, except maybe for March.
What is interesting is that H's highs are a bit warmer than P's in every month, most markedly in Jan-Apr and June. But P's lows are warmer in every month except March, most markedly in Sep-Dec. This is obviously explained that H has land in the west, while P has water. Nevertheless, for some reason P doesn't get an benefit from this in autumn highs.
IDK from what years H's records are, but I gathered P's records only from the 2002-2015 period.
I'd say Hudiksvall's warm autums is explained by its prevalence of south-westerlies over lowland Sweden coming straight from the continent and then the Bay splits that off a bit, leading to increased vulnerability from Russian easterlies for Pori!
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