PENNSYLVANIA

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Allentown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Erie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Harrisburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Lancaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Philadelphia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Pittsburgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Scranton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

The State in Brief

Nickname: Keystone State

Motto: Virtue, liberty, and independence

Flower: Mountain laurel

Bird: Ruffled grouse

Area: 46,055 (2000; U.S. rank: 33rd)

Elevation: Ranges from sea level to 3,213 feet

Climate: Cold winters, warm summers, abundant precipitation

Admitted to Union: December 12, 1787

Capital: Harrisburg

Head Official: Governor Ed Rendell (D) (until 2007)

Population

1980: 11,863,895

1990: 11,881,643

2000: 12,281,054

2004 estimate: 12,406,292

Percent change, 1990–2000: 3.4%

U.S. rank in 2004: 6th

Percent of residents born in state: 77.7% (2000)

Density: 274 people per square mile (2000)

2002 FBI Crime Index Total: 350,466

Racial and Ethnic Characteristics (2000)

White: 10,484,203

Black or African American: 1,224,612

American Indian and Alaska Native: 18,348

Asian: 219,813

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander: 3,417

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race): 394,088

Other: 188,437

Age Characteristics (2000)

Population under 5 years old: 727,804

Population 5 to 19 years old: 2,542,780

Percent of population 65 years and over: 15.6%

Median age: 38 years (2000)

Vital Statistics

Total number of births (2003): 142,287

Total number of deaths (2003): 126,404 (infant deaths, 981)

AIDS cases reported through 2003: 15,178

Economy

Major industries: Manufacturing, services, tourism, transportation, mining, high technology, agriculture

Unemployment rate: 4.9% (April 2005)

Per capita income: $31,706 (2003; U.S. rank: 18th)

Median household income: $43,869 (3-year average, 2001-2003)

Percentage of persons below poverty level: 9.9% (3-year average, 2001-2003)

Income tax rate: 3.07%

Sales tax rate: 6%