03584 Zip Code (Lancaster, NH) Detailed Profile

Estimated zip code population in 2019: 3,713
Zip code population in 2010: 3,774
Zip code population in 2000: 3,551

Houses and condos: 1,847
Renter-occupied apartments: 416
March 2019 cost of living index in zip code 03584: 97.8 (near average, U.S. average is 100)

Land area: 59.0 sq. mi.
Water area: 1.0 sq. mi.

Population density: 63 people per square mile

(very low).

Real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2019:
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2019: $3,870 (2.6%)
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2019: $3,427 (2.4%)

For population 25 years and over in 03584:

• High school or higher: 92.3%
• Bachelor's degree or higher: 22.6%
• Graduate or professional degree: 11.8%
• Unemployed: 6.2%
• Mean travel time to work (commute): 22.6 minutes

For population 15 years and over in 03584:

• Never married: 27.2%
• Now married: 46.8%
• Separated: 1.1%
• Widowed: 8.4%
• Divorced: 16.5%

• 
• • 3,61895.9%White
  • 611.6%Hispanic or Latino
  • 371.0%Two or more races
  • 220.6%Asian
  • 200.5%American Indian
  • 120.3%Black
  • 30.08%Some other race
  • 10.03%Native Hawaiian and Other
    Pacific Islander

100% rural population.

Averages for the 2012 tax year for zip code 03584, filed in 2013:

Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2012: $47,116 (Individual Income Tax Returns)

Here:	$47,116
State:	$66,185

Salary/wage: $40,458 (reported on 81.9% of returns)

Here:	$40,458
State:	$55,674

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 66.8% for AGIs below $25k, 78.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 76.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 74.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 76.5% for AGIs $100k-200k, 53.1% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxable interest for individuals: $1,048 (reported on 34.5% of returns)

This zip code:	$1,048
New Hampshire:	$1,674

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 1.5% for AGIs below $25k, 0.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.6% for AGIs $100k-200k, 0.5% for AGIs over 200k)

Ordinary dividends: $6,059 (reported on 22.0% of returns)

Here:	$6,059
State:	$6,774

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 9.9% for AGIs below $25k, 1.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.2% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.3% for AGIs $100k-200k, 2.0% for AGIs over 200k)

Net capital gain/loss in AGI: +$11,992 (reported on 14.7% of returns)

Here:	+$11,992
State:	+$13,759

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.7% for AGIs $100k-200k, 14.6% for AGIs over 200k)

Profit/loss from business: +$14,552 (reported on 15.3% of returns)

Here:	+$14,552
State:	+$19,298

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 6.2% for AGIs below $25k, 5.3% for AGIs $25k-50k, 3.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 4.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.5% for AGIs $100k-200k, 5.1% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxable individual retirement arrangement distribution: $10,029 (reported on 9.6% of returns)

03584:	$10,029
New Hampshire:	$16,908

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.7% for AGIs below $25k, 1.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 3.0% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.1% for AGIs $100k-200k)

Total itemized deductions: $19,679 (19% of AGI, reported on 19.2% of returns)

Here:	$19,679
State:	$22,617

Here:	18.9% of AGI
State:	18.1% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 9.2% for AGIs below $25k, 6.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 7.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 6.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 8.5% for AGIs $100k-200k, 9.7% for AGIs over 200k)

Charity contributions: $2,321 (reported on 13.6% of returns)

Here:	$2,321
State:	$2,860

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.4% for AGIs below $25k, 0.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.0% for AGIs $100k-200k, 0.8% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxes paid: $6,925 (reported on 18.1% of returns)

03584:	$6,925
State:	$8,830

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.5% for AGIs below $25k, 1.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.2% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.4% for AGIs $100k-200k, 3.6% for AGIs over 200k)

Earned income credit: $1,991 (reported on 18.6% of returns)

Here:	$1,991
State:	$1,863

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 4.9% for AGIs below $25k, 1.1% for AGIs $25k-50k)

Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2012 taxes: 40.7%

Here:	41%
State:	45%

(% for various income ranges: 34.9% for AGIs below $25k, 39.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 43.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 46.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 54.5% for AGIs $100k-200k, 100.0% for AGIs over 200k)

Averages for the 2004 tax year for zip code 03584, filed in 2005:

Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2004: $38,136 (Individual Income Tax Returns)

Here:	$38,136
State:	$54,348

Salary/wage: $32,312 (reported on 84.8% of returns)

Here:	$32,312
State:	$46,966

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 94.1% for AGIs below $10k, 76.4% for AGIs $10k-25k, 81.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 74.2% for AGIs $50k-75k, 81.8% for AGIs $75k-100k, 52.4% for AGIs over 100k)

Taxable interest for individuals: $1,413 (reported on 46.5% of returns)

This zip code:	$1,413
New Hampshire:	$1,634

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 3.9% for AGIs below $10k, 2.0% for AGIs $10k-25k, 2.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.8% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.8% for AGIs over 100k)

Taxable dividends: $3,364 (reported on 23.8% of returns)

Here:	$3,364
State:	$3,855

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 3.6% for AGIs below $10k, 1.5% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.4% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.6% for AGIs over 100k)

Net capital gain/loss: +$11,986 (reported on 16.4% of returns)

Here:	+$11,986
State:	+$13,739

(% of AGI for various income ranges: -0.8% for AGIs below $10k, 1.0% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 3.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 4.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 13.0% for AGIs over 100k)

Profit/loss from business: +$15,412 (reported on 17.1% of returns)

Here:	+$15,412
State:	+$16,641

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 6.9% for AGIs below $10k, 6.3% for AGIs $10k-25k, 3.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 6.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 5.4% for AGIs $75k-100k, 11.4% for AGIs over 100k)

IRA payment deduction: $3,041 (reported on 2.7% of returns)

03584:	$3,041
New Hampshire:	$3,013

Self-employed pension: $12,903 (reported on 1.7% of returns)

Here:	$12,903
New Hampshire:	$13,003

Total itemized deductions: $16,495 (21% of AGI, reported on 16.7% of returns)

Here:	$16,495
State:	$18,832

Here:	21.3% of AGI
State:	19.6% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 8.0% for AGIs $10k-25k, 9.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 7.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 5.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 6.8% for AGIs over 100k)

Charity contributions deductions: $2,236 (3% of AGI, reported on 12.7% of returns)

Here:	$2,236
State:	$2,473

Here:	2.6% of AGI
State:	2.4% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.3% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.2% for AGIs over 100k)

Total tax: $5,839 (reported on 72.2% of returns)

03584:	$5,839
State:	$8,835

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.9% for AGIs below $10k, 4.5% for AGIs $10k-25k, 6.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 9.1% for AGIs $50k-75k, 10.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 20.2% for AGIs over 100k)

Earned income credit: $1,669 (reported on 16.8% of returns)

Here:	$1,669
State:	$1,447

Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2004 taxes: 46.8%

Here:	47%
State:	51%

(% for various income ranges: 35.4% for AGIs below $10k, 47.5% for AGIs $10k-25k, 47.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 53.9% for AGIs $50k-75k, 55.2% for AGIs $75k-100k, 63.5% for AGIs over 100k)

Nearest zip codes: 03583, 03582, 03598, 05906, 05904, 03595.
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)

• Lesbian couples: 0.4% of all households
• Gay men: 0.0% of all households

Household received Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 122
Household did not receive Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 1,446

Women who had a birth in the past 12 months: 1 (1 now married, 0 unmarried)
Women who did not have a birth in the past 12 months: 856 (380 now married, 474 unmarried)

Housing units in zip code 03584 with a mortgage: 597 (68 home equity loan)
Houses without a mortgage: 555

Median monthly owner costs for units with a mortgage: $1,346
Median monthly owner costs for units without a mortgage: $648

Residents with income below the poverty level in 2019:
Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 2019:

• Zip code 03584 household income distribution in 2019

• 33Less than $10,000
• 99$10,000 to $14,999
• 62$15,000 to $19,999
• 95$20,000 to $24,999
• 40$25,000 to $29,999
• 117$30,000 to $34,999
• 60$35,000 to $39,999
• 123$40,000 to $44,999
• 63$45,000 to $49,999
• 187$50,000 to $59,999
• 165$60,000 to $74,999
• 170$75,000 to $99,999
• 134$100,000 to $124,999
• 87$125,000 to $149,999
• 37$150,000 to $199,999
• 69$200,000 or more

• Estimate of home value of owner-occupied houses/condos in 2019 in zip code 03584

• 4Less than $10,000
• 32$15,000 to $19,999
• 54$20,000 to $24,999
• 9$25,000 to $29,999
• 5$30,000 to $34,999
• 18$35,000 to $39,999
• 45$50,000 to $59,999
• 11$60,000 to $69,999
• 33$70,000 to $79,999
• 56$80,000 to $89,999
• 31$90,000 to $99,999
• 145$100,000 to $124,999
• 155$125,000 to $149,999
• 95$150,000 to $174,999
• 82$175,000 to $199,999
• 115$200,000 to $249,999
• 76$250,000 to $299,999
• 29$300,000 to $399,999
• 22$400,000 to $499,999
• 26$500,000 to $749,999
• 10$750,000 to $999,999

• Rent paid by renters in 2019 in zip code 03584

• 20$200 to $249
• 23$350 to $399
• 18$400 to $449
• 9$450 to $499
• 67$500 to $549
• 10$550 to $599
• 34$600 to $649
• 61$650 to $699
• 23$700 to $749
• 28$750 to $799
• 25$800 to $899
• 60$900 to $999
• 6No cash rent

Median gross rent in 2019: $798.

Median price asked for vacant for-sale houses and condos in 2019: $457,366.

Estimated median house (or condo) value in 2019 for:

• White Non-Hispanic householders: $140,322
• American Indian or Alaska Native householders: $162,498
• Two or more races householders: $262,865
• Hispanic or Latino householders: $188,881

Estimated median house or condo value in 2019: $147,396 Lower value quartile - upper value quartile: $97,209 - $206,458

Mean price in 2019:

Detached houses: $179,111

Here:	$179,111
State:	$314,276

Townhouses or other attached units: $374,336

Here:	$374,336
State:	$257,098

In 2-unit structures: $114,798

Here:	$114,798
State:	$231,516

In 3-to-4-unit structures: $196,283

Here:	$196,283
State:	$243,599

In 5-or-more-unit structures: $737,651

Here:	$737,651
State:	$146,865

Mobile homes: $70,949

Here:	$70,949
State:	$67,976

Housing units in structures:

• One, detached: 1,186
• One, attached: 7
• Two: 105
• 3 or 4: 187
• 5 to 9: 58
• 10 to 19: 31
• 20 to 49: 54
• Mobile homes: 204

Unemployment: 6.2%

• Means of transportation to work in zip code 03584

• 76.0%1,347Drove a car alone
• 9.6%171Carpooled
• 0.1%1Bus or trolley bus
• 1.2%21Bicycle
• 1.7%30Walked
• 1.7%30Other means
• 10.0%177Worked at home

• Travel time to work (commute) in zip code 03584

• 170Less than 5 minutes
• 3435 to 9 minutes
• 30110 to 14 minutes
• 16615 to 19 minutes
• 11920 to 24 minutes
• 3525 to 29 minutes
• 8030 to 34 minutes
• 3135 to 39 minutes
• 10740 to 44 minutes
• 13745 to 59 minutes
• 6060 to 89 minutes
• 4890 or more minutes

Percentage of zip code residents living and working in this county: 73.3%

Household type by relationship:

Households: 3,713

• Male householders: 843 (227 living alone), Female householders: 721 (306 living alone)

• 700 spouses (700 opposite-sex spouses), 120 unmarried partners, (114 opposite-sex unmarried partners), 867 children (752 natural, 22 adopted, 95 stepchildren), 121 grandchildren, 49 brothers or sisters, 11 parents, 0 foster children, 92 other relatives, 72 non-relatives

• In group quarters: 121 (-1 institutionalized population)

Size of family households: 505 2-persons, 116 3-persons, 110 4-persons, 93 5-persons, 26 6-persons, 61 7-or-more-persons

Size of nonfamily households: 532 1-person, 93 2-persons, 29 3-persons

428 married couples with children.
178 single-parent households (109 men, 69 women).

94.3% of residents of 03584 zip code speak English at home.
0.1% of residents speak Spanish at home (50% very well, 50% well).
4.8% of residents speak other Indo-European language at home (89% very well, 11% well).
0.4% of residents speak Asian or Pacific Island language at home (100% well).
0.3% of residents speak other language at home (100% very well).

Major facilities with environmental interests located in this zip code:

• PAK 2000 INC (PAIGE HILL ROAD in LANCASTER, NH)

  AIR SYNTHETIC MINOR (AIRS/AFS) - ICIS-, ENFORCEMENT/COMPLIANCE ACTIVITY
  CRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY (Inventory of air pollution sources)
  HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Small Quantity Generators, between 100 kg and 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Business SIC and NAICS classification: COMMERCIAL PRINTING
  Organizations: ASIA PULP & PAPER (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

• TIMBERLAND MACHINES (248 MAIN ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  STATE MASTER (New Hampshire water, air, and waste tracking) - HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM
  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  

• DANS SERVICE CENTER (250 SUMMER ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  USED OIL PROGRAM (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Organizations: DANIEL BENOIT (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

• WEEKS MEDICAL CENTER (173 MIDDLE ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  AIR MINOR (AIRS/AFS)
  CRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY (Inventory of air pollution sources)
  Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification
  HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Business SIC and NAICS classification: GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS
  

• DALTON MOUNTAIN GMC (475 MAIN ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Business NAICS classification: ALL OTHER AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE.
  Organizations: DEANWALTS (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  Alternative names: DALTON MOUNTAIN G M C

• TOWN OF LANCASTER (SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM in LANCASTER, NH)

  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NON-MAJOR (Tracking pollutant discharge elimination systems) - permit
  Business SIC classification: SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
  Alternative names: LANCASTER-GRANGE STREET

• PORTLAND PIPE LINE CORP (309 PORTLAND ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Organizations: PORTLAND PIPLE LINE CORP (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

• VERIZON (74 BRIDGE ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification
  HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Organizations: C & I INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

• NORTH COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT CORP (MCKEE INN in LANCASTER, NH)

  HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  

• APOLLO INDUSTRIES INC (29 BRICKYARD RD in LANCASTER, NH)

  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  

• CHADWICK-BAROSS INC (244 MAIN ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Business NAICS classification: PAPER INDUSTRY MACHINERY MANUFACTURING.; OTHER COMMERCIAL AND SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINERY MANUFACTURING.
  

• CHAMPLAIN OIL CORP (202 MAIN ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  

• CURRIER CHEVROLET (15 BRIDGE ST in LANCASTER, NH)

  USED OIL PROGRAM (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Organizations: DOUGLASCURRIER (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities: 2.1%
Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities: 0.4%

Population in 1990: 3,825.

Place of birth for U.S.-born residents:

• This state: 1,986
• Northeast: 1,317
• Midwest: 150
• South: 59
• West: 37

52% of the 03584 zip code residents lived in the same house 5 years ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 61% lived in this county.
   Out of people who lived in different counties, 50% lived in New Hampshire.

91% of the 03584 zip code residents lived in the same house 1 year ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 60% moved from this county.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 12% moved from different county within same state.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 28% moved from different state.

Private vs. public school enrollment:

Students in private schools in grades 1 to 8 (elementary and middle school): 64
Students in private schools in grades 9 to 12 (high school): 33 Students in private undergraduate colleges: 10

Companies with federal contracts located in this zip code:

• CHRISTINE JOHNSON (4 WILLIAMS ST STE 2 in LANCASTER, NH; small business) : $193,524 in 25 contracts from 2002 to 2006

  Contracts for ADPE System Configuration, ADP Central Processing Unit (CPU, Computer), Hybrid, ADP Components, ADP Central Processing Unit (CPU, Computer), Digital, and more by Army, NASA, Navy
  Signed by year: 2000: $0; 2001: $0; 2002: $32,718; 2003: $41,859; 2004: $34,334; 2005: $29,509; 2006: $55,104.
  
  Biggest contracts:
  $41,101 with Army for ADPE System Configuration. Taking place in AZ. Signed on 2006-02-15. Completion date: 2006-02-28.
  $23,655 with Army for ADP Central Processing Unit (CPU, Computer), Hybrid. Taking place in AZ. Signed on 2002-02-21. Completion date: 2002-02-28.
  $16,500 with Army for ADPE System Configuration. Taking place in AZ. Signed on 2005-08-01. Completion date: 2005-08-15.
  $11,957 with Army for ADP Components. Taking place in AZ. Signed on 2003-09-09. Completion date: 2003-09-12.
  

Top industries in this zip code by the number of employees in 2005:

• Health Care and Social Assistance: Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (100-249 employees: 1 establishment)
• Wholesale Trade: Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers (50-99: 1, 10-19: 1, 1-4: 1)
• Accommodation and Food Services: Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels (50-99: 1, 5-9: 2, 1-4: 1)
• Health Care and Social Assistance: Nursing Care Facilities (50-99: 1, 5-9: 1)
• Health Care and Social Assistance: Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists) (50-99: 1)
• Accommodation and Food Services: Limited-Service Restaurants (20-49: 1, 10-19: 1, 1-4: 2)

2002 - 2018 National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) incidents

Based on the data from the years 2002 - 2018 the average number of fire incidents per year is 12. The highest number of reported fires - 23 took place in 2012, and the least - 5 in 2005. The data has a rising trend.
When looking into fire subcategories, the most incidents belonged to: Structure Fires (63.7%), and Outside Fires (15.6%).


• Fire incident types reported to NFIRS in Zip Code 03584
• 13563.7%Structure Fires
• 3315.6%Outside Fires
• 2210.4%Mobile Property/Vehicle Fires
• 2210.4%Other

See full 2006 National Fire Incident Reporting System statistics for zip code 03584, New Hampshire

Most common first names in zip code 03584 among deceased individuals
Name	Count	Lived (average)
Mary	36	80.9 years
George	27	77.8 years
Robert	26	69.1 years
John	25	73.9 years
Helen	20	79.2 years
Edward	19	74.5 years
Mildred	19	81.6 years
Charles	19	78.4 years
Richard	18	67.4 years
Joseph	18	78.5 years

Most common last names in zip code 03584 among deceased individuals
Last name	Count	Lived (average)
Smith	23	82.1 years
Savage	17	75.8 years
Marshall	15	80.3 years
Brown	14	70.5 years
White	13	80.0 years
Monahan	13	84.4 years
Collins	13	73.5 years
Young	11	77.1 years
Merrow	10	77.9 years
Flynn	9	75.6 years

Businesses in zip code 03584
Name	Count		Name	Count
Ace Hardware	1		New Balance	1
Circle K	1		RadioShack	1
Decora Cabinetry	2		Rite Aid	1
Dunkin Donuts	1		Shaw's	1
FedEx	1		Subway	1
Ford	1		True Value	2
GNC	1		U-Haul	1
H&R Block	1		U.S. Cellular	1
MasterBrand Cabinets	4		UPS	1
McDonald's	1