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Originally Posted by AntonioR
Reminds me of the tsunami that hit parts of Southeast Asia in 2004 +/-, though at a different scale. That one was caused by an earthquake in the seabed. What cause the surge in Rio?
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An extratropical cyclone. Extratropical cyclones are centers of low atmospheric pressure that form in medium and high latitudes, outside the tropics, due to the contrast between a cold air mass and a warm air mass. They are associated with a cold front and their winds are weaker and shorter than tropical cyclones.