No you can't. There is no boatable connection between the two lakes. You can go North of Mountain Island Lake on the Catawba River, but it stops at the Cowans Ford Dam which is how lake Norman was formed. BTW, there are no marinas on Mountain Island Lake. All boat slip rentals (if any) will be private.
This shows the end of the river from Mt. Island Lake. You really are not supposed to boat past the Hwy 73 bridge, but people do it. You risk getting hit by water if they open up the gates on the dam though an alarm is sounded before they do this. 1 Ft of water out of Lake Norman = 15 of water in Mt Island Lake.
Cowans Ford Dam - Google Maps
If you get a trailer for your boat, the closest public access to Lake Norman from there is Blythe Landing.