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New Mexico, followed by a huge gap, then you get to Texas, California, Florida and Arizona. You are immersed Spanish culture in New Mexico. The connection to New Spain and later Mexico is primarily Spanish regardless of the DNA or certain Indian connections. The state is actually named after Mejica, the Aztec Empire, a name inherited from New Spain, not the later country of Mexico. Most of the cultural attributes in question are Spanish even if transported via old New Spain. Spanish is spoken everywhere and in public places and on street signs. The archaic dialect used in Northern New Mexico is from 17th century Spanish. Spanish settlement in New Mexico predates settlement in Texas, Arizona, and California by over 100 years. Santa Fe, the oldest state capital, is as old as Jamestown in Virginia.
That aside, New Orleans is probably the city in the US that has the largest number of people whose ancestors came directly to what is now the USA from the country of Spain, without spending a few generations in some Latin American country along the way.
I think San Antonio would beat New Orleans. Most of the hispanics in San Antonio (south Texas in general) are descended from Spaniards that came from Spain or the Canary Islands to Texas. They did generally mix with the native Indians (from Texas not Mexico) but I still think it's a higher amount than New Orleans.
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