No, you don't need to wait until annual open enrollment. Because you are moving back to USA, you are entitled to a Special Enrollment Period in which to obtain insurance. The requirement that you have previous insurance is waived.
Quote:
The addition of paragraph (i) requires further amendments to the rule to maintain the availability of the permanent move special enrollment period for certain other individuals who should continue to be able to access this special enrollment period without the requirement of being previously enrolled in minimum essential coverage.
Specifically, we make a necessary addition in paragraph (d)(7) (ii) to maintain eligibility for a special enrollment period for individuals previously living outside of the United States or in a United States territory who move to a location within the United States, so long as they seek to enroll in coverage within 60 days of completing their permanent move.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-insp...2016-11017.pdf
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The link for the foregoing appeared in this article on the issue -
https://www.healthinsurance.org/spec...rigger-an-sep/
And, here's the link to the Federal Register for that change:
https://www.federalregister.gov/docu...d-the-consumer
When you apply, you will need to submit all sorts of documentation, including a copy of your passport, for sure, which will verify your out-of-country status.