Personally I think it began with the first World War, which was the first truly "modern" war with airplanes and the works. And ended around 1990 with the fall of communism and the rise of digital technology, starting the current age of pluralism and global capitalism.
The technological and exponential change of the 20th century didn't really kick in until we were about 15 years past 1900. Very few people had cars in 1905, but by 1920 horse carriages were becoming a thing of the past in many countries.
I think the 19th century ended late and the 21st century started early. The 1990s are clearly part of the 21st century world order. Pretty much all of today's technology was invented or first commercialized around 1990, even though generally speaking Internet, cell phones, digital cameras and so on were somewhat rare until the late 90s.
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