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Incidentally, it was something of a fluke that France united as early as it did. This was due to the Angevins acquiring so much of it by marriage, then losing it to Philip Augustus thanks to the incompetence of King John. But for that it could have stayed divided as long as Germany did.
Hitler also wanted other pieces of German territory like Switzerland, Bohemia and Moravia, Danzig, The Alsace-Lorraine, the Prussian share of the 18th Century Partition of Poland (i.e the lands around Poznan).
Hitler wanted Switzerland? Anyway, if so, then he never acted on this desire of his.
Basically because wars between Hapsburgs, Bourbons, Protestants and Catholics....ebbs of absolutism/feudalism against enlightment. Small kingdoms and Republics that were pawns between the great actors (France (playing two and three hands), Spain-Austria (playing one hand), Pope (playing ten hands)....
After the Vienna Congress following the Napoleonic Wars, the Great European Powers (Minus Britain) vowed to keep any monarch in power pre-Napoleon in power, and so if Tuscany and Two Sicily's tried to change their Government Austria-Hungary, Russia or France would stop them.
After the Vienna Congress following the Napoleonic Wars, the Great European Powers (Minus Britain) vowed to keep any monarch in power pre-Napoleon in power, and so if Tuscany and Two Sicily's tried to change their Government Austria-Hungary, Russia or France would stop them.
The Congress of Vienna was in 1815, though, which was only about half a century before the unification of Italy and Germany.
Basically because wars between Hapsburgs, Bourbons, Protestants and Catholics....ebbs of absolutism/feudalism against enlightment. Small kingdoms and Republics that were pawns between the great actors (France (playing two and three hands), Spain-Austria (playing one hand), Pope (playing ten hands)....
The Congress of Vienna was in 1815, though, which was only about half a century before the unification of Italy and Germany.
and in 1848, there were democratic(ish) revolutions in France, The Netherlands, and Austria, (Austria becoming a duel Monarchy, Austria-Hungary) and then Italy and Germany began steps towards Unification with weaker resistance.
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