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Thus these were the Elches (converts/renegados) who intermaried (at least to a noticeable extent) with the Sudani & again this links to the Sefaradi trading network in the Americas and groups that claim Portuguese and/or Moorish descent.
Its not far fetched considering how the Portuguese fled from the Spanish Americas after the kingdoms split after the 1640s.
William Lithgow also mentioned a group of Ethiopian Christians merchants in Aqsa who were called Heragenes and seemed to be based in Arracon just north of the Sahel.
I know Antonio Malfante mentioned at Tout merchants from India and Abyssinia. Leo Africanus also mentioned Ethiopic, Coptic, and Chaldean being spoken in Neuba. I know that during the persecutions of the Sefaradi in Spain in 1391 was also around the time the Catholics also were connecting with the state centralizing Abyssinian court and likewise "heretics" and local Jews were being targeted. This was also in the time frame that Professor Hirschberg reported that groups of warrior Jews were making their appearance in the oases. Ogilby also writes that Abyssinians were immigrants or Heragenes (Falasi) in the greener parts of the Sahara. It appears that just as the rulers of the Tell and its coast were dealing with Moriscos, Marranos, Iberian Moors and Jews, those of the Sahra and Sawahil El Sudan were dealing with their own influx.
Its an interesting subject area that has been little explored in how these various trading networks of the interior dealt with the Sefaradi networks of the coast and how these could be connected to various groups in the states claiming moorish and/or portuguese origins like the Melangeons.
Perhaps some young, up and coming NASSERSIST scholar will take this up in the future.
The Agaroes mentioned by Lithgow could have something to do with the veiled Tamashek of the Ahaggar in the central Sahara based on what Ogilby writes about the Habex being in the villages in azghar land.
The Agaroes mentioned by Lithgow could have something to do with the veiled Tamashek of the Ahaggar in the central Sahara based on what Ogilby writes about the Habex being in the villages in azghar land.
Prof. Hirschberg thought that a Yehudi badawi group was misspelled as Mindas though likely it’s a variant of Mendez. They were said to be located in the Kabyle regions.
Curious if the Bellah (khaddamiyah or laboring class among Kel Tamashek) have anything to do with the Belloes of Magamader of Ogilby which was said to part of Habex. Ogibly also wrote that Casila & island of Meroe were in the same neighborhood, David Reubeni also noted that there were Habshi Yehudi around Meroe. Its still unclear what was meant by the mountains of Gaogao & did they extend toward west of Lake Chad, where they could connect with the trade with the kingdom of Congo.
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