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Katherine Johnson is who I immediately thought of too.
She was a "mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. manned spaceflights."
A lot of them are working for Wall Street. That's where the biggest salaries can be found.
There's no Nobel Prize for mathematics, but mathematicians make up the vast bulk of people who win the Nobel Prize for Economics.
You reminded me of the American woman (first and only so far) who received the Nobel for Economics, Eleanor Ostrom. Fascinating area of research she did.
In terms of women the late Maryam Mirzakhani is the only female winner of a Fields Medal, which she win in 2014.There are currently total of 60 Fields medalists.
As fort my own country, the most famou smathematician is Isaac Newton.
Claude Shannon developed information theory which is the foundation of information technology.
What are his new mathematics "tools" to developed his theory ? ... Algebra ? nahh... Calculus ? nahh.. Topology ? nahh... Tensor calculus ? nahh...Euclidian geometry ? nahh.. Non eucledian geometry ? nahh...
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