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The whites moving in are highly educated. The whites who are leaving tend to be less so. Hence the fact that the median white HH income is increasing. It isn't just that whites are benefitting from the recovery. Its that the type of whites who live here is very different from 35 years ago.
I don't know. I know and knew of local educated whites that bounced out of NYC for opportunities across the country as well, but mind you these folks did not attends any ivy or a uva or a Stanford.
Again, the press, and the politicians, publish a survey comparing the fate of black Americans with the group with the second highest average wealth (whites). Its very interesting that Asians are ignored again and again in these studies, or the press-published version of the studies. Asian-Americans Lead All Others in Household Income | Pew Research Center
The press and politicians do the same with education - talking about the black-white achievement gap. ("Racial" group with highest average level of educational achievement at 49%with a college degree are Asians, not whites).
Given the perceived and real advantages whites historically have, why compare with them? Why not compare with the group with the highest average household income or with the highest educational achievement? Very odd to consistently compare with no. 2...
When one compares various groups one must make adjustments. Asians are an overwhelmingly immigrant group, consisting of many who ARRIVE as immigrants.
So how well do Asians do when compared to comparably educated white Americans? Not as good I am sure. Of course one will also have to adjust for the fact that there are more working age adults within many Asian households, when compared to white homes. More grand parents (some might still be working), and more unmarried adult kids, or siblings. If more household members bring in income, and they pool this to acquire wealth, then this should indicate something.
The reality is that blacks (both native and immigrant) encounter barriers less encountered by either Asians are whites. How do I know this? Because African immigrants are the most educated (even more so than are Asians) yet their incomes only slightly exceed that of Jamaicans and Guyanese.
Clearly Africans are NOT getting full benefit of their higher levels of education, even when compared to Asians. Clearly many are in jobs that are not consistent with their levels of education.
Yes the high level of renters also hurts. The insistence of some people of staying in rent stabilized apartments may also be harming them.
Of course you need a decent income to have good enough credit to buy. There were historical issues of banks denying mortgages to Blacks who could afford to pay as well.
Re: I don't think there are reliable statistics on the ethnicity of Black homeowners in metro NYC and I challenge anyone to demonstrate them. No anecdotal evidence please, link me up with census bureau stats that show that most Black homeowners are immigrants.
38% of Jamaicans in NYC are home owners. SOURCE: NY Immigrants (chapter 4) published by the NYS Dept of Planning.
The above indicates that 31% of blacks in the NY metro area, inclusive of the suburbs, are home owners. Given that this includes suburban areas, we can conclude then that black home ownership is LESS than 30%.
Home ownership rates for black immigrants is HIGHER than it is for blacks overall. Clearly therefore home ownership rates for black Americans will be LOWER as black immigrants are included in the total of black owners, yet have higher home ownership rates.
This data breaks out the major black immigrant groups by region of origin, and makes several comparisons with US born blacks.
Please note that almost 60% of US blacks live in the South, where homes are cheaper and ownership rates are higher. Despite this home ownership rates for black immigrants are higher, even as Caribbean immigrants are over represented in high cost, high renting areas like NYC. If one were to make an adjustment for this, one would find the home ownership disparity to be even higher.
The reality is that American blacks have all of the disadvantages of immigrants, being a group almost completely locked out of opportunity, until about a generation ago. But they lack the selectivity of the immigrant. It is usually the more risk oriented who migrate, even if not the most educated. So when folks make this big hullaballoo of the African, and use favorable data to then indicate that these disparities are reflective of black American deficiency they completely miss the bus.
The above indicates that 31% of blacks in the NY metro area, inclusive of the suburbs, are home owners. Given that this includes suburban areas, we can conclude then that black home ownership is LESS than 30%.
Home ownership rates for black immigrants is HIGHER than it is for blacks overall. Clearly therefore home ownership rates for black Americans will be LOWER as black immigrants are included in the total of black owners, yet have higher home ownership rates.
This data breaks out the major black immigrant groups by region of origin, and makes several comparisons with US born blacks.
Please note that almost 60% of US blacks live in the South, where homes are cheaper and ownership rates are higher. Despite this home ownership rates for black immigrants are higher, even as Caribbean immigrants are over represented in high cost, high renting areas like NYC. If one were to make an adjustment for this, one would find the home ownership disparity to be even higher.
The reality is that American blacks have all of the disadvantages of immigrants, being a group almost completely locked out of opportunity, until about a generation ago. But they lack the selectivity of the immigrant. It is usually the more risk oriented who migrate, even if not the most educated. So when folks make this big hullaballoo of the African, and use favorable data to then indicate that these disparities are reflective of black American deficiency they completely miss the bus.
Here's what Pew Social Trends says about rates of Black homeownership.
"Homeownership rates vary little between U.S.-born and foreign-born blacks. Some 42% of U.S.-born blacks are homeowners compared with 40% of black immigrants."
That says Black Americans own higher rates of homes than Black immigrants.
Here is what Pew says about poverty rates.
"One-in-five (20%) black immigrants live below the poverty line, according to the Pew Research Center analysis of Census Bureau data. That share is below that of U.S.-born blacks, who have a poverty rate of 28%. But the poverty rate among black immigrants is higher than it is among all Americans (16%).
Among all U.S. immigrants, at 19%, the share living in poverty is similar to that for black immigrants. "
Immigrants in general have lower poverty rates than Black Americans, and this includes Black immigrants. Poverty rates among Black Americans likely are at this level because of those who moved into public housing. This has consequences for families for generations (public housing/welfare dependency).
I don't know. I know and knew of local educated whites that bounced out of NYC for opportunities across the country as well, but mind you these folks did not attends any ivy or a uva or a Stanford.
Working class white Americans can't endure the conditions of NYC. Basically one would have to live with roommates for the rest of one's life, or get government subsidies. The working class here is either immigrant or Black American or Puerto Rican. The Whites moving in are mostly professional whites with good educations.
Working class white Americans can't endure the conditions of NYC. Basically one would have to live with roommates for the rest of one's life, or get government subsidies. The working class here is either immigrant or Black American or Puerto Rican. The Whites moving in are mostly professional whites with good educations.
I posted an article about that a year ago that transient whites out number local whites by 3x.
And yet many are headed to points out of the NY area, with FL, GA, and to a lesser extent NC, TX, and VA being popular destinations. Escalating housing costs being the main driver, and the bulk of the migrants, not being the poor, but tending to be lower middle class.
In fact prior to the housing bust of 2008, there was very heavy movement of black immigrants to points South, as they could have converted equity in their homes in the NY area into better housing in FL or Atlanta. Clearly it wasn't the poorest leaving, given that more than 60% of NYC Caribbean blacks (West Indians and Haitians) are renters.
In fact about 60% of West Indian/Haitians now live outside of the NY area, with the FL population fast approaching that of NYs. There are now MORE Haitians in FL, and almost as many Jamaicans, when compared to NY.
I suppose many may have cashed out of homes in gentrifying neighborhoods like Ft. Greene, Harlem, or Bedstuy. I wonder how well they are faring in their new homes.
While I'm sure some families were among those leaving, I wonder if many of those living weren't approaching or already at retirement age. Property ownership in NYC can be expensive in retirement if one doesn't have sufficient income in retirement. As real estate prices skyrocketed in certain neighborhoods so did real estate taxes and this may have pressured lower middle class people, especially those in or near retirement to sell.
Even as the numbers of civil servants isn't keeping apace with job growth overall. In fact the over concentration of blacks in the civil service is the MAIN reason why their recovery trails that of other groups, as the economy recovers.
In addition, there is more red tape in getting a civil service job, with the various civil service lists, and barriers to entry. It is more bureaucratic.
In NYC the private sector offers more rapid job growth, and higher income for professionals.
There were some other issues with civil service. In the past it offered stable employment to Blacks who just had high school degrees. The higher level of civil service requires either bachelor or masters degrees, and one finds many more whites in those positions.
My aunt worked for HRA. She told me that those in the union were the ones who passed the civil service exam. Many were hired provisionally and had never passed the civil service exam despite working for the city for 20 years. As problems with the economy surfaced these people were laid off en masse. That says a lot about the poor state of public education in Black neighborhoods in NYC.
And yet many are headed to points out of the NY area, with FL, GA, and to a lesser extent NC, TX, and VA being popular destinations. Escalating housing costs being the main driver, and the bulk of the migrants, not being the poor, but tending to be lower middle class.
In fact prior to the housing bust of 2008, there was very heavy movement of black immigrants to points South, as they could have converted equity in their homes in the NY area into better housing in FL or Atlanta. Clearly it wasn't the poorest leaving, given that more than 60% of NYC Caribbean blacks (West Indians and Haitians) are renters.
In fact about 60% of West Indian/Haitians now live outside of the NY area, with the FL population fast approaching that of NYs. There are now MORE Haitians in FL, and almost as many Jamaicans, when compared to NY.
I don't think that's entirely true. You definitely have displacement of rent stabilized tenants as landlords evict them in Manhattan, Western Brooklyn, and Western Queens. Now these people don't necessarily leave the metro area (many move into poorer neighborhoods) but at least some do.
Even official low income housing is not safe, as certain program housing has been sold to developers in prime locations. Stuytown is an extreme example, but there are other examples. Even some NYCHA's have been sold, with NYCHA saying that they are planning more property sales in prime locations.
There were some other issues with civil service. In the past it offered stable employment to Blacks who just had high school degrees. The higher level of civil service requires either bachelor or masters degrees, and one finds many more whites in those positions.
My aunt worked for HRA. She told me that those in the union were the ones who passed the civil service exam. Many were hired provisionally and had never passed the civil service exam despite working for the city for 20 years. As problems with the economy surfaced these people were laid off en masse. That says a lot about the poor state of public education in Black neighborhoods in NYC.
Civil Service jobs are becoming increasingly hard to get not due to requirements, but to wait time, and list number ranking. I had friends that went to go take sanitation exam, passed with high scores but listed at rank 10k and something. If this was a decade ago, a list with tens of thousands of applicant would not be like that. There is plenty of fallout coming out of the private sector in NYC especially amongst the local population. Due to either having a lack of education, or educated but lack the skills for professional private sector jobs, many are seeking jobs in public sector including transplants as well. Private sector jobs also cut back from benefits in this city which might want to make one go and try out public sector job. This is going to create a lot of bottlenecking for those to squeeze in to obtain a job with civil service agency or authority. Its not going to be hard only for blacks, but also hard for Hispanics, and ethnic whites as well because they all have to compete with each other for public sector jobs. The private sector needs to do a better job with hiring and training local people, but that cost money, the mayor should step in and get involved in this. I know someone who works on wall street and has a degree from a community college, when he leaves his job, his position must have a degree from an ivy league school, a top college like duke, or a masters from a lower acredited institution.
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