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So, the majority of a huge gas bill is going towards hot water - which is powering the heat.
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I think there is some confusion here.
Rest assured that the hot water that you are using for showers and dishes is not the same hot water flowing through your heating system. Hot water heating systems are closed and recirculate the same water. Also, the temperature of water coming out the tap is much, lower than the water in heating system, which is very close to boiling hot.
Since you are paying a bill to Keyspan, you must have your own gas meter, which is probably connected to your own boiler. You could find your meter, which is probably outside the building, then take a trip down to the basement, find your gas meter, and see where the gas pipe leads. You can find the meter number on your bill.
Assuming you have your own boiler, the fact that you don't have a thermostat in your apartment is a problem that your landlord would be obligated to fix.
The amount of your bill seems fairly normal. The last bill for our 700 square foot place was $404.00.
You probably don't pay for hot water because it is a shared resource with other tenants or there is a gas line feeding the hot water heater(s) that is not separately metered.
I would assume that the circumstances under which the landlord would pay the heat would be dictated by the setup of the heating system. It is never in a landlord's financial interest to pay for heat, but I think that heat would be included in buildings with a central heating unit that is shared by the tenants. When there is a central source of heat for all tenants in the building, controlled by the landlord, then certain laws have to be enforced.