Though I am an advocate of space exploration and colonization, Kennedy’s “Moon mission” was a political fiasco, aimed at propaganda points and little else.
When you throw away 99% of your vehicle on each trip, it’s not sustainable.
If engineers instead of politicians were in charge, there would have been no break neck “Race to the moon.” Haste makes waste.
Before considering a colony on the moon, or even Mars, we need to build the infrastructure.
In place of the Apollo "race to the moon" boondoggle, there should have been two orbiting space stations built : one for the Earth and one for the Moon. Once they were in place, 3 specialized space craft classes would be needed :
(1) Surface to orbit - and return;
(2) station - to - station - and return;
(3) lunar orbit to surface - and return.
Only fuel and supplies would be consumed.
Instead of a few spectacularly expensive and short visits to the moon, we could have been able to do long term work.
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For Mars, we should also build an autonomous orbital station at Mars, and a Mars Cycler colony / vivarium to simplify travel.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_cycler
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The irony is that the "right way" was known long before NASA was pushed by political expediency.
From “Space Jockey” by Robert A. Heinlein (1947):
“... The traveling-public gripes at the lack of direct Earth-to-Moon service, but it takes three types of rocket ships and two space-station changes to make a fiddling quarter-million-mile jump for a good reason: Money.”
Earth’s space station : Supra-New York
Luna’s space station : Space Terminal
Earth to orbit and return : catapulted streamlined winged space craft
Station to station : never landing shuttles, almost all cargo space
Luna to orbit and return : ugly duckling pogo sticks
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NASA’s “Moon shot” basically combined all five into one...
Earth to orbit (Saturn V boosters - discarded).
Orbit to orbit (Command / Service module, Lunar Excursion Module)
Orbit to Moon ( LEM) (Command / Service module remained in orbit)
Moon to Orbit (Ascent portion, Descent stage abandoned on surface)
Orbit to Orbit (Command / Service module) (Ascent stage abandoned)
Orbit to Earth (Command module abandoned / capsule landed)