Folks, what Trump said has no relevance to whether hydroxychloroquine plus or minus azithromycin is going to be a game changer in the treatment of COVID-19.
My impression is that it will be. It is unlikely to save everyone made seriously ill by the virus, but there is evidence that it can modify the course of the disease.
Why did anyone even think to try the drug? That is because it was already known to have antiviral properties. It had been used in trials in HIV infected patients and those with hepatitis and other viral illnesses with some success before other more effective drugs were available.
First, the basic science.
In the lab, it was found to inhibit infection and spread of the original SARS virus. From 2005:
https://www.researchgate.net/publica...ion_and_spread
"We report, however, that chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS-CoV infection of primate cells. These inhibitory effects are observed when the cells are treated with the drug either before or after exposure to the virus, suggesting both prophylactic and therapeutic advantage."
The original SARS virus underwent a mutation that made it less infectious and the virus disappeared in the wild before the above study was even published, therefore there were no clinical trials.
Now the same effects have been demonstrated in the lab for SARS-CoV-19 with hydroxychloroquine. Note that hydroxychloroquine will be favored for treatment because it is less toxic than chloroquine, for those who are concerned about the reports of "two times the normal dose" being deadly. From this month:
Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent (in a lab study) than chloroquine, and the study demonstrated how the two drugs inhibit the virus.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-020-0156-0
Therefore, it can be plausibly inferred that there will be a therapeutic effect for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in treatment of COVID-19.
How about azithromycin? Again, some basic science. Azithromycin had already demonstrated antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, here with a cold virus (rhinovirus).
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/...e2=tf_ipsecsha
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4923851/
Question: how many here have ever asked your doctors for a "Z-Pak" for any upper respiratory or "sinus" infection, even when there was a high probability that the cause was viral - because you have gotten well faster in the past when you took it? I will go first: I have.
Next we have the clinical evidence. The French study:
https://www.mediterraneeinfection.co...l_DOI_IJAA.pdf
"We therefore recommend that COVID-19 patients be treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin to
cure their infection and to limit the transmission of the virus to other people in order to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the world. Further works are also warranted to determine if these compounds could be useful as chemoprophylaxis to prevent the transmission of the virus, especially for healthcare workers. Our study has some limitations including a small sample size, limited long-term outcome follow-up, and dropout of six patients from the study, however in the current context, we believe that our results should be shared with the scientific community."
What are US doctors saying?
https://www.wsj.com/articles/these-d...od=openfreereg
"We have decades of experience in treating infectious diseases and dealing with epidemics, and we believe in safety and efficacy. We don’t want to peddle false hope; we have seen promising drugs turn out to be duds.
But the public expects an answer, and we don’t have the luxury of time. We have a drug with an excellent safety profile but limited clinical outcomes—and no better alternatives until long after this disaster peaks. We can use this treatment to help save lives and prevent others from becoming infected. Or we can wait several weeks and risk discovering we didn’t do everything we could to end this pandemic as quickly as possible."
I am doing my best to reduce my risk of exposure, but if it happens, will I ask about hydroxychloroquine?
You bet your sweet bippy - and a Z-Pak, too.