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It depends on exactly how you define "moderate" and "extreme", and whether you give more weighting to population or land area.
Every month has relatively extreme weather somewhere. For instance, while temperate regions in both northern and southern hemispheres generally have mild weather around this time of year, it's also a time of hot weather in monsoon Asia and the midst of the South Pacific Cyclone season.
Gonna be really difficult to quantify moderate and/or extreme based on a month definition because the seasons are flipped for the two hemispheres delineated by the equator. Moderate would be easier, either a spring/autumn month or autumn/spring month.
p.s. Go All Blacks! Looking forward to the end-of-year northern tour.
Moderate - I would say November (specifically, about Oct. 20 - Nov. 20). The winter weather season hasn't yet arrived in the Northern Hemisphere, hurricane season is winding down, and fall weather is notably stable in most areas. And of course, most areas are still relatively mild.
Extreme - January. Winter weather in the northern hemisphere, searing heat in much of Australia.
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