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All these words (and some more) are often confused with each other.
Well, which climates do you do you call what? As for me, it is like this:
*Subpolar continental - climates with cool summer and cold winter (suitable for tree growth to differ from polar climates). Examples - Rovaniemi, Yellowknife, Tolhuin.
*Cool temperate - climates with warm/hot summer and cold winter. Examples - Moscow, Montreal, Pyongyang.
*Warm temperate - climates with hot summer and cool/mild winter (which is mostly too cold to grow palms without protection). Examples - Stavropol, New York, Seoul.
*Subtropical - climates with hot summer and warm winter (warm enough to grow palms). Examples - Sochi, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires.
*Subpolar oceanic - climates with cool summer and mild winter (suitable for tree growth to differ from polar climates). Examples - Torshavn, Sitka, Reykjavik.
*Temperate oceanic - climates with mild summer and mild winter. Examples - London, Valdivia, Seattle.
Mediterranenan climate seem to go both to Temperate oceanic and Subtropical, depending on summer temp.