08-13-2015, 05:36 AM
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Atlanta's parking addiction | Opinion | Creative Loafing Atlanta
Quote:
To a person standing on the Edgewood Avenue bridge looking north, the most dominant feature of the landscape isn't the Atlanta Beltline's Eastside Trail. It's the brutalist parking deck towering over its surroundings — one of four decks and lots that serve the single block between Edgewood and Lake avenues. Once built, the deck will house some of the more than 4,000 new parking spaces that have been built along the Eastside Trail since the housing boom began.
That glut of parking along the country's most closely watched and ambitious trails-and-transit project is a testament to our city's fierce determination to remain dependent on cars. And we need to wean ourselves off it if we ever want Atlanta to become a walkable and transit-connected city.
For the last few months, I've compiled a spreadsheet on the number of parking spaces along the Beltline and Atlanta Streetcar. The average cost to construct a parking space in a deck in Atlanta ranges from $12,000 to $15,000 per space. Based on my calculation, we've spent at least $48 million since 2005 on parking along a two-mile stretch of the Beltline. The same stretch of the Eastside Trail cost $13.8 million.
And the Atlanta Streetcar? According to Mayor Kasim Reed's office, 2,875 new parking spaces have been built or are planned near the streetcar. That's 700 more spaces than the peak daily ridership project officials originally hoped to see. The streetcar cost $100 million. We've spent one third as much on giving people reasons not to ride the Downtown transit line.
Every dollar spent on parking actively gives people a reason not to ride the streetcar and actively undermines our investments in biking, walking, and mass transit. Donald Shoup, a UCLA urban planning professor, put it succinctly in his book The High Cost of Free Parking: The more parking you build, the more people drive.
The phenomenon is called induced demand, and it's very real. A recent study on rail systems in the United States over the last 30 years found the availability of low-cost parking to be the second strongest indicator of the lack of success of a line. The first was how much the streetcar runs alongside automobile traffic.
For Atlanta to be a more walkable or transit-oriented city, we need a mix of retail, residential, and commercial uses. To attract the people to support those shops, offices, and condos and apartments requires a variety of those uses be located in close proximity to each other.
Parking destroys this possibility. Every parking lot and parking deck pushes the grocery store farther from the bank, the bank farther from the bar, and so on. Property where buildings could house residents who could support these businesses is used for the storage of automobiles instead.
Eventually, parking becomes so commonplace that where you build has no relationship at all to walking, transit, or the surrounding neighborhood. Big box grocers are placed on the cheapest land available because everyone is expected to drive.
As an added bonus, parking lots contribute to our heat island effect, deplete our property tax revenue because they aren't taxed as high as construction, add to your water bill through untreated storm water runoff, drive up the cost of rent, and generally make for a less pleasant city to walk through.
Whether near transit investments or for the general health of the city, we have to rein in our parking problem.
First, the city can stop requiring developers to build a minimum amount of parking and no longer permit surface parking lots. Second, officials should start thinking of parking in terms of a district or neighborhood, not individual locations. Shared parking should be allowed and encouraged. And residents who don't want to pay for a parking space should be allowed to unbundle that cost from their rent.
Any plan to remake Atlanta at this scale will take decades. Parking will never disappear. The end goal is not the elimination of parking. The reality will be that parking will no longer be adjacent to every location — and that motorists might have to pay to park and subsequently walk to their destination.
Less parking is not merely some aesthetic or lifestyle preference. If we want to continue to grow as a city and to fill the vacancy and blight that is rampant, we need to make our city more desirable to live in. We need to start measuring transit projects, such as the streetcar and Beltline, in numbers of cars taken off the road, not development dollars spent nearby. We need to stop competing with the suburbs and their big-box stores and start competing with other cities that offer walkable neighborhoods and transit. If we want to continue to grow, we need to have the capacity to accommodate up to 500,000 new citizens. We cannot accommodate all their cars.
These changes take political will and leadership. It takes recognizing that parking is an impactful land-use decision that affects multiple aspects of our lives. It takes planning and the recognition that every apartment building along the Beltline wrapped in a loving, 'til-death-do-us-part embrace around a parking deck is a building that will undermine transit when it finally comes. It takes prioritizing what's best for Atlanta's future — not making more room for even more cars.
What a great article!
(Emphasis added by me)
08-13-2015, 06:20 AM
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Pretty crazy when you look at the financials like that.
08-13-2015, 06:31 AM
Location: Kirkwood
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Amazing how much of these rents people are complaining about are effected by the building of massive parking garages, wrapped in apartments. Maybe if the city could trade reduced parking minimums for more density, then developers would be persuaded to build less parking.
08-13-2015, 06:35 AM
Location: NW Atlanta
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Free parking really ain't free...
08-13-2015, 07:19 AM
Location: Ono Island, Orange Beach, AL
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It's a chicken and egg thing. No transit, then of course developers have to build parking. We're there sufficient transit, then not so much. As transit expands, the need for parking will decrease. You COA folks need to raise the roof about it!
08-13-2015, 07:40 AM
Location: Atlanta - Midtown
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Great article. The city cannot claim to support walk-able, transit oriented development, when at the same time pushing archaic minimum parking requirements.
08-13-2015, 08:49 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
Frankster87
Great article. The city cannot claim to support walk-able, transit oriented development, when at the same time pushing archaic minimum parking requirements.
So, make things unlivable for 50 years until there is sufficient density? Of course all the jobs will have vacated by then, so there will be no density or need for parking.
The only thing realistic in that article is the comment about cheap parking. We need to discourage businesses from subsidizing employee parking. In a lot of parking garages not in downtowns, businesses pay for parking slots in their lease, but don't charge employees.
08-13-2015, 10:06 AM
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Quote:
motorists might have to pay to park and subsequently walk to their destination.
Wow, you mean we don't have to do that now? I must be a fool, because I'm not aware of all this mystical free parking. Where is it?
Oh, and I'm not jumping on the bandwagon. In fact, I'm calling BS on the entire argument. You might as well make the argument that trying to encourage more apartments to be built without air conditioning will lower the burden on Georgia Power. True? Perhaps. Desirable? Try it and find out.
And apartments don't subsidize parking for tenants. They include it as a value add because they know that the investment is good. Without it, they'd have to charge lower rents, so they make up the cost of adding parking. Just look at listings in cities like New York and see how much more apartments with included parking rent for. Landlords know that, they aren't stupid.
08-13-2015, 10:21 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
ATLTJL
Wow, you mean we don't have to do that now? I must be a fool, because I'm not aware of all this mystical free parking. Where is it?
Are you serious? It is most places in Atlanta. Even intown neighborhoods you can find free parking almost everywhere, the grocery store, the street, the shopping center.
Quote:
Originally Posted by
ATLTJL
Oh, and I'm not jumping on the bandwagon. In fact, I'm calling BS on the entire argument. You might as well make the argument that trying to encourage more apartments to be built without air conditioning will lower the burden on Georgia Power. True? Perhaps. Desirable? Try it and find out.
And apartments don't subsidize parking for tenants. They include it as a value add because they know that the investment is good. Without it, they'd have to charge lower rents, so they make up the cost of adding parking. Just look at listings in cities like New York and see how much more apartments with included parking rent for. Landlords know that, they aren't stupid.
If "landloards know that" and they will build parking as often as they will build in A/C then why do we need a law forcing them to build excessive parking?
Let people have a choice between the less expensive apartment without parking and the more expensive one with parking. If everyone really wants parking included in their rent then everywhere will keep building parking and you have nothing to worry about.
08-13-2015, 10:38 AM
Location: NW Atlanta
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
jsvh
Let people have a choice between the less expensive apartment without parking and the more expensive one with parking. If everyone really wants parking included in their rent then everywhere will keep building parking and you have nothing to worry about.
Bingo. In what universe should the government be FORCING developers to include parking?
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People in Group quarters - Institutions for the blind (%)
People in Group quarters - Orthopedic wards and institutions for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in general hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in military hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Juvenile institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Long-term care (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for abused, dependent, and neglected children (%)
People in Group quarters - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children (%)
People in Group quarters - Training schools for juvenile delinquents (%)
People in Group quarters - Short-term care, detention or diagnostic centers for delinquent children (%)
People in Group quarters - Type of juvenile institution unknown (%)
People in Group quarters - Noninstitutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - College dormitories (includes college quarters off campus) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - On base (%)
People in Group quarters - Barracks, unaccompanied personnel housing (UPH), (Enlisted/Officer), ;and similar group living quarters for military personnel (%)
People in Group quarters - Transient quarters for temporary residents (%)
People in Group quarters - Military ships (%)
People in Group quarters - Group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes or halfway houses for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Other group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Religious group quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - Dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Agriculture workers' dormitories on farms (%)
People in Group quarters - Job Corps and vocational training facilities (%)
People in Group quarters - Other workers' dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Crews of maritime vessels (%)
People in Group quarters - Other nonhousehold living situations (%)
People in Group quarters - Other noninstitutional group quarters (%)
Residents speaking English at home (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking other language at home (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Foreign born (%)
Class of Workers - Employee of private company (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed in own incorporated business (%)
Class of Workers - Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers (%)
Class of Workers - Local government workers (%)
Class of Workers - State government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Federal government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business and Unpaid family workers (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - No fuel used (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - No fuel used (%)
Armed forces status - In Armed Forces (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Veteran (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Nonveteran (%)
Fatal accidents locations in years 2005-2021
Fatal accidents locations in 2005
Fatal accidents locations in 2006
Fatal accidents locations in 2007
Fatal accidents locations in 2008
Fatal accidents locations in 2009
Fatal accidents locations in 2010
Fatal accidents locations in 2011
Fatal accidents locations in 2012
Fatal accidents locations in 2013
Fatal accidents locations in 2014
Fatal accidents locations in 2015
Fatal accidents locations in 2016
Fatal accidents locations in 2017
Fatal accidents locations in 2018
Fatal accidents locations in 2019
Fatal accidents locations in 2020
Fatal accidents locations in 2021
Alcohol use - People drinking some alcohol every month (%)
Alcohol use - People not drinking at all (%)
Alcohol use - Average days/month drinking alcohol
Alcohol use - Average drinks/week
Alcohol use - Average days/year people drink much
Audiometry - Average condition of hearing (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear a whisper from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear normal voice from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - Ears ringing, roaring, buzzing (%)
Audiometry - Had a job exposure to loud noise (%)
Audiometry - Had off-work exposure to loud noise (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high blood pressure (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Checking blood pressure at home (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Frequently checking blood cholesterol (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high cholesterol level (%)
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at supermarket/grocery store
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at other stores
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on eating out
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on carryout/delivered foods
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at supermarket/grocery store (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at other stores (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on eating out (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on carryout/delivered foods (%)
Current Health Status - General health condition (%)
Current Health Status - Blood donors (%)
Current Health Status - Has blood ever tested for HIV virus (%)
Current Health Status - Left-handed people (%)
Dermatology - People using sunscreen (%)
Diabetes - Diabetics (%)
Diabetes - Had a blood test for high blood sugar (%)
Diabetes - People taking insulin (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Diet health (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Milk product consumption (# of products/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals not home prepared (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals from fast food or pizza place (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Ready-to-eat foods (#/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Frozen meals/pizza (#/month)
Drug Use - People that ever used marijuana or hashish (%)
Drug Use - Ever used hard drugs (%)
Drug Use - Ever used any form of cocaine (%)
Drug Use - Ever used heroin (%)
Drug Use - Ever used methamphetamine (%)
Health Insurance - People covered by health insurance (%)
Kidney Conditions-Urology - Avg. # of times urinating at night
Medical Conditions - People with asthma (%)
Medical Conditions - People with anemia (%)
Medical Conditions - People with psoriasis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with overweight (%)
Medical Conditions - Elderly people having difficulties in thinking or remembering (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever received blood transfusion (%)
Medical Conditions - People having trouble seeing even with glass/contacts (%)
Medical Conditions - People with arthritis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with gout (%)
Medical Conditions - People with congestive heart failure (%)
Medical Conditions - People with coronary heart disease (%)
Medical Conditions - People with angina pectoris (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had heart attack (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had stroke (%)
Medical Conditions - People with emphysema (%)
Medical Conditions - People with thyroid problem (%)
Medical Conditions - People with chronic bronchitis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with any liver condition (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had cancer or malignancy (%)
Mental Health - People who have little interest in doing things (%)
Mental Health - People feeling down, depressed, or hopeless (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble sleeping or sleeping too much (%)
Mental Health - People feeling tired or having little energy (%)
Mental Health - People with poor appetite or overeating (%)
Mental Health - People feeling bad about themself (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble concentrating on things (%)
Mental Health - People moving or speaking slowly or too fast (%)
Mental Health - People having thoughts they would be better off dead (%)
Oral Health - Average years since last visit a dentist
Oral Health - People embarrassed because of mouth (%)
Oral Health - People with gum disease (%)
Oral Health - General health of teeth and gums (%)
Oral Health - Average days a week using dental floss/device
Oral Health - Average days a week using mouthwash for dental problem
Oral Health - Average number of teeth
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to control insects (%)
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to kill weeds (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People walking or bicycling (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - Average hours a day doing sedentary activities
Physical Activity - Average hours a day watching TV or videos
Physical Activity - Average hours a day using computer
Physical Functioning - People having limitations keeping them from working (%)
Physical Functioning - People limited in amount of work they can do (%)
Physical Functioning - People that need special equipment to walk (%)
Physical Functioning - People experiencing confusion/memory problems (%)
Physical Functioning - People requiring special healthcare equipment (%)
Prescription Medications - Average number of prescription medicines taking
Preventive Aspirin Use - Adults 40+ taking low-dose aspirin (%)
Reproductive Health - Vaginal deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Cesarean deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Deliveries resulted in a live birth (%)
Reproductive Health - Pregnancies resulted in a delivery (%)
Reproductive Health - Women breastfeeding newborns (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had a hysterectomy (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had both ovaries removed (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever taken birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women taking birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used Depo-Provera or injectables (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used female hormones (%)
Sexual Behavior - People 18+ that ever had sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had anal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had any sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had anal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had any kind of sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first had sex
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female vaginal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a woman (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of woman performed oral sex on in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male anal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a man (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male oral sex partners in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - People using protection when performing oral sex (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of times people have vaginal or anal sex a year
Sexual Behavior - People having sex without condom (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male vaginal sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Circumcised males 18+ (%)
Sleep Disorders - Average hours sleeping at night
Sleep Disorders - People that has trouble sleeping (%)
Smoking-Cigarette Use - People smoking cigarettes (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with smell (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with taste (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had wisdom teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had tonsils teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a loss of consciousness because of a head injury (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a broken nose or other serious injury to face or skull (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had two or more sinus infections (%)
Weight - Average height (inches)
Weight - Average weight (pounds)
Weight - Average BMI
Weight - People that are obese (%)
Weight - People that ever were obese (%)
Weight - People trying to lose weight (%)