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I have an old diary from the Civil War era. The writer talks of putting a bucket of milk "down the well" to keep it from spoiling. I assume this means they used a rope to lower the bucket of milk down into the water. My husband grandpa used to put his lunch bucket in the creek when he would work fields too far away to go back to the house for dinner. The water kept the metal bucket and the food cool.
We didn't have electricity until I was five years old. We did have a spring house with water flowing out of the side of the mountain that was ice cold. We kept milk and butter in the ice cold water. That would be the same as putting it down in the well.
for milk:
1. Pasteurization
2. Irradiation (good use for that UV lamp you may have lying around!)
3. Sterilization using a pressure cooker (destructive to nutritive quality and taste tho)
4. Filtration into a sterile container such as canning jar
for other foods:
1. Air drying (like jerky)
2. Salting
3. Liberal spice rubs (some spices more effective than others)
4. Irradiation
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