Mortgage 101- four things to understand
1) Your credit score - the higher your score is the lower the interest rate. The lower your score is, the higher is interest rate.
2) Your Loan to Value score - this is the amount of equity vs the amount of your loan. The more you put as a down payment, the more equity you have and the lower the LTV.
3) Your debt to income score - the more bills (debts) your have the higher the DTI. The less debts your have, the lower the DTI score.
4) the most stable loan is a 30 year fix rate mortgage with your home owners insurance and mortgage taxes included in the payment.
I have worked with mortgages for many years and still learn new things almost every day. The reason is everybody has a different situation. An analogy is like a card game - I'm the dealer and with each client have to look at their cards to see what they have to win.
In my opinion buying books are worthless, because your trying to understand things that will not apply to you. I agree Google is a good place to find questions, however almost each answer you find might be slightly different from your situation.
Know this - if you want the best loan, focus on your credit score. Learn what credit is and how important it is to your future. A key point to understand with a mortgage, if you send extra with your money payment, this will shorten your term, increase your equity faster, lower your net effective rate, plus you get reported as being more responsible, as a reward your credit score is high.
Do you want to pay more or pay less????? Realize over the course of 30 years vs the time to save up for a large down payment. Putting less towards down payment you will spend $1000's more over the life of the loan. Putting at least 20% as a down payment, you will spent $1000 less over the life of the loan.
Pertaining to your situation because you are coming from another country. Understand you are not automatically going to be able to apply for financing. I just remembered talking to a borrower years ago from the middle east, was able to get financing through Chase because they are an international bank. He already had an account with Chase in his home country.
Coming here you have to first get nationalized and apply for a social security number. Next you are going to need to show two years of work history working. Unless you have family here, you are going to be renting an apartment. Work on building your credit and saving up for your down payment.
As for your question for sites learning more information, one really good site to understand about building credit is the creditinfocenter (Google it).
Good Luck