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In English, it is always necessary to use at at least two letters to indicate the day of the week, since there are two pairs sharing the same initial letter. The only languages I can find with the seven days of the week beginning with seven different alphabet letters are Estonian, Hindi, Irish and Korean. Esperanto's creators could have called the days of the week anything they wanted, but the still made Tuesday and Wednesday start with M, as they do in the Romance languages.
The only way around this in English would be to use H for Thursday and A for Saturday, but this is so non-intuitive, it is never done in practice.
Portuguese days of the week start with ordinals 2nd-6th, with separate words for the weekend. But that is no help, because using the digits 2-6 would fail to distinguish them from the calendar dates.