Here are some facts to clear the air.
1) These numbers include subsidized and rent-controlled units. There are 2 states remaining with
major cities still subject to rent control:
a. NYC has grandfathered rent control units that make up 50,000 very very old units in the city, though it has a "rent stabilization" program whereby a landlord can only raise rent per annum by 4% and reset to market if a tenant leaves (about 1/3 of NYC apartments are subject to this). Only apartments in highly desirable areas achieve any sort of super large discount to market, and 35% of rent stabilized occupants have lived in their apartments for 20+ years. If a tenant leaves, there are easy ways to take the unit out of rent stabilized circulation (off the bat rent can increase by 17%, and $1 for every $40 spent on improvements). Once a rent of $2500 is achieved, the unit is no longer subject to regulation, and that is not a high number to get to in much of NYC.
b. In CA, it's much simpler. SF, SJ, Oakland, and Los Angeles, among other smaller cities, have rent control for all units in these respective cities built prior to 1979, which are subject to 2% increases per annum, and can reset to market once a tenant leaves. They will never be taken out of rent stabilization circulation, though, unless the program is gotten rid of.
For San Francisco, this means that roughly 75% of rental stock is subject to rent stabilization. Similarly and probably more starkly to NYC, most residents in rent control have stayed put and passed on their rent stabilization through the family for many many many years. Because the difference between the average rent stabilized rent and market rent in SF (more extreme than in NYC), more people stay put.
c. For public housing
the following link offers a comparison of 5 cities:
NYC = 8.3% public/section 8/low-income housing
LA = 3.2%
Chicago = 5.5%
Houston = 3.7%
Philly = 4.9%
SF = has
31,300 units of public/section 8/low-income, which is 9.2% of all housing units, among the low-income count, the city has the highest concentration of "SROs" remaining in the nation (single-room occupant units), with more UC
Hopefully that clears up both rent control and public housing. Ironically, the cities with the highest in-place median rents as of 2012 also have the most rent-controlled units and the most public-housing. So let's get to what market is, and why the media is still so high even with all of that rent-control and subsidized housing.
Moving on to market rents:
1. San Francisco
$3200 citywide median according to Livelovely (a tracker) and $3437 within 10 miles of city according to Rentjungle
This means $2200 for studios, $2775 for 1 BRs, and $3795 for 2BRs according to Livelovely, and $2897 and $3898 for 1 and 2 BRs respectively according to Rent Jungle.
There are some neighborhoods that are cheaper and some that are much more expensive. The links below have the deets, by bedroom and neighborhood -
Are You Sitting Down? SF's Median Rent Rate is $3,200/Month - The Numbers - Curbed SF
Average Rent In San Francisco, San Francisco Rent Trends and Rental Comps
2. San Jose
$2255 median rent with limited rent stabilized units and public housing (had 60% the population it does today in the year that rent stabilization was enacted, was a single family home bedroom community at that time)
3. San Diego
RentJungle pegs median rent in San Diego at $1683 right now, with 1 BRs at $1389 and 2 BRs at $1752.
Rent stabilization and public housing are basically a non-factor in San Diego, which is why the 2012 median is only slightly less than the market-rate median presented above.
4. Washington DC
RentJungle pegs the DC market-rate median at $1824, with 1 BRs going for $1692 and 2 BRs going for $2070.
Obviously there are neighborhoods that are much more expensive. The medians for U Street, Georgetown, and Logan Circle are between $2500-2800
5. Boston
RentJungle has Boston higher than DC with a median of $2480, with 1 BRs at $1990 and 2 BRs at $2413. I follow apartments a good bit and I can tell you that the Boston overall median is skewed by studios.
Boston.com has the neighborhood breakdown. The most expensive neighborhoods are Back Bay, Charlestown, Beacon Hill, Bay Village, and North End, where average rents are between $3500-3800, or $3.30-$3.50 per square foot (that seems a little low, but indicates that studios/1BRs probably approach or exceed $4).
6. NYC
This deserves a breakdown by borough.
Manhattan - $4,022 ($6.60psf, 43 days on market avg)...$2573 for studios
Brooklyn - $3,111 ($3.23psf, 42 days on market avg)...$2658 for 1 BRs
Queens - $2,709
Curbed has a great breakdown:
Brooklyn and Queens See Tons of New Renters, So Prices Rise - Rental Market Reports - Curbed NY
So the bottom line is that there is New York, then San Francisco, then everyone else.
NYC and SF have great data. Because rentals are SOOO much higher in these two cities than anywhere else in the country, and yes that includes DC and Boston, there is an incentive for the general population to be super educated about what they can get and how.