Plenty of IP surveillance cameras have a MicroSD slot. There are also WiFi cameras that will upload to a cloud service, so they don't need a PC to be turned on to work, instead they go directly through your router. For example, the $150
Y-Cam Evo. Personally I strongly dislike products that depend on a cloud service to work, and would get a model that can accept SD or MicroSD for local storage.
If you're going to put the camera inside your window, look for one that does not have IR illuminator LEDs (or at least with LEDs that can be turned off). You might also need to provide shielding so it doesn't pick up glare from lighting inside the room.
Even a really good camera may not get the details you want from across the road. You'd need very high resolution, a low camera angle, and some luck to catch their license plate or otherwise identify them.