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Coronaviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses that infect a variety of hosts, resulting in a range of symptoms from gastrointestinal illness to respiratory distress. Bats are reservoirs for a high diversity of coronaviruses, and focused surveillance detected several strains genetically similar to MERS-coronavirus, SARS-coronavirus, and the human coronaviruses 229E and NL63. The bat fauna of central Asia, which link China to eastern Europe, are relatively less studied than other regions of the world. Kazakhstan is the world’s ninth largest country; however, little is understood about the prevalence and diversity of bat-borne viruses. In this study, bat guano was collected from bat caves in three different sites of southern Kazakhstan that tested positive for coronaviruses. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates these are novel bat coronaviruses that belong to the genus Alphacoronavirus. In addition, two distinct lineages of Kazakhstan bat coronaviruses were detected. Both lineages are closely related to bat coronaviruses from China, France, Spain, and South Africa, suggesting that co-circulation of coronaviruses is common in multiple bat species with overlapping geographical distributions. Our study highlights the need for collaborative efforts in understudied countries to increase integrated surveillance capabilities toward better monitoring and detection of infectious diseases.
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Funding
This study was funded by a United States (US) Department of Defense Defense Threat Reduction Agency Cooperative Biological Research project KZ-33: MERS Coronaviruses (MERS-CoV) (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Surveillance and Detection in Kazakhstan (HDTRA1-08-D-008).
This is a well-known fact in many former USSR republics. There were a lot of articles dedicated to this subject written by investigative journalists. This kind of secret biotechnological labs are not only in Kazakhstan. One of them is in Georgia. But the most interesting fact is that - several times the Russian customs service have found curls of human hair in the luggage of some western "tourists". They were confiscated and sent in a lab for the research. It appeared these curls belonged to the people of Slavic origin. The Russian secret services assumed that genetic material was being collected to create a bio-genetic weapon that would destroy people of only a certain ethnic group. A few years ago, at a conference on national security, Putin once hinted that the Russian intel was aware of the presence of such bio-laboratories in the territory of the former USSR. That is, the West was preparing a biological genocide against the Russians. Maybe this is the reason of so called "Russian aggression" against the Western values?
So why doesn't Putin report this in the media and throw light onto the issue for the world/NATO to see? Ans: he would, if these labs existed. The fact Putin doesn't expose him is proof enough for me this is propaganda.
Something that should be taken into account when considering any countries chemical/biological weapons capabilities is that despite the Hauge Accords research and development of such weapons never ceased. The US China and the former USSR now the Russian Federation all have beyond massive capabilities with chemical/biological weapons. Name something you want to do to the human body and it's guaranteed there is a weaponized agent to do it. That's hardly new.
We are and have been closer to the Doomsday Clock striking midnight via some engineered bug or another getting out than we are to a nuclear conflagration.
Whatever country you live in now needs to mark you as a threat. Hate for own country and love thy enemy. You sir should be labeled a traitor .
Sorry, that way of thinking is just too primitive for me.
I am a global citizen, I am on the side of good people with good values and goals.
I will certainly not side with a country that is evil, regardless whether that country's name is written on my passport.
Your attitude reminds me of Nazi-Germany, where those that helped the Jews were considered traitors.
I prefer to be a Schindler rather than a Biden.
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