Brazil has a national index called IDEB that evaluates the quality of public education of each state and each municipality (and actually each school) every two years. IDEB evaluates how much the students are learning, by taking tests on samples of students in each school. The most recent data is from the evalutation made in late 2015.
Education in Brazil is divided in "Ensino Fundamental" (that is equivalent in the USA to the Elementary School + Junior High School) and "Ensino Medio" (equivalent in the USA to the High School).
"Ensino Fundamental" goes until the 9th grade (8th grade in the old educational model), and "Ensino Medio" is composed by three grades.
IDEB evaluates students in the 5th grade and the 9th grade of "Ensino Fundamental", and in the third grade of the "Ensino Medio". The IDEB data for the "Ensino Medio" is not considered very useful, and has much "statistical noise", while the data for the last grade (9th grade) of "Ensino Fundamental" can give a better picture of the quality of education in each state and each municipality.
So, here is a ranking of the states of Brazil according to their score in the IDEB for
9th grade of "Ensino Fundamental" in 2015, considering ONLY the
public schools (private schools excluded):
Santa Catarina - 4.9
São Paulo - 4.7
Goiás - 4.6
Minas Gerais - 4.6
Ceará - 4.5
Mato Grosso - 4.5
Acre - 4.4
Mato Grosso do Sul - 4.3
Paraná - 4.3
Amazonas - 4.2
Rio Grande do Sul - 4.2
EspÃrito Santo - 4.1
Rondônia - 4.1
Distrito Federal - 4.0
Rio de Janeiro - 4.0
Tocantins - 4.0
Piauà - 3.9
Pernambuco - 3.8
Maranhão - 3.7
Roraima - 3.7
Pará - 3.6
Amapá - 3.5
ParaÃba - 3.5
Bahia - 3.4
Rio Grande do Norte - 3.4
Alagoas - 3.2
Sergipe - 3.1
The data was obtained from this official link:
IDEB
In the link, the data can be sorted in many other different ways.