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I think there are settlements in all other climate types what about the ice cap, the absolute harshest one to inhabit.
One of the closest examples would be LA Rinconada, it goes below freezing every night, but it is still only considered an ET climate as the day time highs bring up the average above freezing for most of the year.
The absolute harshest climate to inhabit? About 500 people live in Oymyakon Russia's Yakutia region. It is the coldest permanently occupied human settlement in the world. In 1920 temperatures plummeted to -96F/-71C
It's NOT an ice cap climate, though. During the winter, temperatures average -58F and 21 hours of the day are spent in darkness.
June and July are the only months where the temperature has never dropped below −10 °C (14 °F) people are wearing t-shirts and it's pretty green there.
Here's a list of places that probably comes closest in every inhabited continent:
North America: Resolute or Grise Fiord
South America: La Rinconada
Asia: Tuiwa or Dikson or Tiksi
Europe: Longyearbyen or Qaanaaq (technically in Denmark)
Oceania: no place comes close; I don't even think the (obviously uninhabited) summit of Kosciuszko resembles an EF climate. NZ has taller peaks, but the actual towns don't seem to go much beyond 1500m or so.
Africa: probably a place called Seqetat Bota given it is above 4000m (no climate data available)
One of the closest examples would be LA Rinconada, it goes below freezing every night, but it is still only considered an ET climate as the day time highs bring up the average above freezing for most of the year.
That's an insane climate. I'm still trying to wrap my mind around it.
Indianapolis is a pretty good candidate for such a climate in a few million years......
about 20 thousand years ago it was this thing, counting pleistocene glaciation..
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