Totally agree that it comes down to each organization's culture. Apparently in many companies, the line manager has near full authorities over his/her department. S/he can hire, promote, pay-raise, or fire employees. That's not the case here (in my country, in fact). A middle manager here can only nominate, support, warn... etc. So the upper management are the ones that 'butter my bread'.
For several years, I had always worked hard to make my manager look good, got many kinds of recognition, but never promoted or got a respectable pay raise. Turned out, she'd market me to the upper management as a "hard working, ethical, good performer", etc. but she'd never tell them I did management-class reports and analyses because I'd be stepping on her duties (I owe her giving me the chance but that's another story).
Also, of course I'm not complaining about her forwarding or copying regular information that I collected. The cases that I'm talking about, while not so advanced, are not a part of the normal work cycle. In the most recent one, the manager herself should've rejected the payment, but instead, hadn't I argued about it she would've made it anyway. She had
no opinion in the matter apart from her initial instructions to make the full payment. Instead, she was just transmitting the massages between the upper management, the supplier, and me, before eventually telling me that the upper management decided to go with my suggestion. In a positive way, my manager used my arguments to convince the upper management. But again, she'll take credit for caring to save the company from exceeding a risk measure (credit limit), I'll get the inner satisfaction that my emails were correct enough to be cut 'n pasted in the correspondence!
Finally, considering the valuable insights I will not escalate the case, simply because my version of the story will probably make the upper management uncomfortable towards considering any future suggestions from me. I'll try to find a way to refer to it but not in a negative way.
Much appreciate all the advices.