The Census department estimates that "non-metropolitan" counties in the US lost population between 2010 and 2012, which is apparently the first time this has happened since the Census began estimating such things.
Nonmetro Areas as a Whole Experience First Period of Population Loss
Quote:
The number of people living in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) counties now stands at 46.2 million--15 percent of U.S. residents spread across 72 percent of the land area of the U.S.* Population growth rates in nonmetro areas have been lower than those in metro areas since the mid-1990s, and the gap widened considerably in recent years.
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How is Rural America Changing? US Census Bureau newsroom
While
some rural counties have been losing population for a long time, this survey sums up
all such counties.
What are the implications for the country? As much as we think of frontiers or countryside, the US continues to urbanize, and it appears as though the "back to the country" movement that began in the late-60's and continued into the 1990's has faded out.
This is the opposite of what some had predicted - the thinking was, with the rise of the internet, people would be able to live anywhere they wanted to live, and still be able to hold down a decent job, thanks to telecommuting. Instead, technology appears to encourage people to aggregate themselves together into metro areas. Not necessarily the biggest metro areas, but ones big enough to provide a contrast with small towns and countryside.
What are the implications for the future demographics of the US, if these trends continue to hold?
For reference, here's the Census Department's map of nonmetropolitan counties:
So while not all rural counties are losing population, most are, and the overall direction of population change is one of decline.