But, I have an extreme case compared to most people. I suffered so badly with metatarsalgia (ball of foot pain) about 15 months ago that I went from being active (walking 3 miles/day on the treadmill, gardening, keeping house, etc.) to walking with a limp to being confined to a wheelchair in the span of about 8 weeks. I spent 6 weeks full-time in the wheelchair and another 2-3 weeks working to get back on my feet for longer and longer periods of time. I saw 7 different doctors, including 2 podiatrists, and most were CLUELESS about what was wrong and how to fix it.
I did a COMPLETE shoe and sock wardrobe overhaul and FINALLY was prescribed custom orthotics (foam based and very thick) to wear in my closed shoes. I had mine made by a pedorthist (specialist who does nothing but create and fit orthotics). As my recovery progressed, I did return to him for small adjustments to the orthotics. I still have to be careful and limit how much time I stand or walk. No more treadmill per doctor's orders. And I never go barefoot, even in the shower. I always have some kind of shoe between my foot and the floor.
Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may be able to use off-the-shelf inserts such as Powersteps or Superfeet. I found that I needed more cushioning, higher arch support, and metatarsal support than that, even after having changed the brands and types of shoes I wore.
I have bought and returned more shoes and socks in the last year than I can recount here. If you or any other readers are interested, DM me and I can tell you the brands/styles of shoes that I have found to be best for my issue.
Good luck, and my advice is to not give up or give in to surgery until you feel you have exhausted all of your alternatives... There were many times I felt discouraged and without hope that I would ever be able to do what so many take for granted - like walk around a grocery store or down the street to a neighbor's house. With determination, I have found some pretty good solutions and am pain free much of the time.