For info on Guilford county schools follow this link
District Search Results Page
My DD is 7 and is a 1st grader at Summerfield Elementary. She really loves it! I had a conference with her teacher recently and DD will probably be at beginning 4th grade reading level by the end of the school year. Amazingly enough, this is about the level of most of her classmates. We looked at a number of different schools while DD was in pre-k, so I would suggest arranging tours of schools that you might think would be good fits for your l/o. The schools we were interested in were pretty accommodating, so going to visit in person shouldn't be an issue.
I'd say Greensboro is fairly even as far as liberal vs conservative. I'd probably be center right politically, and I have a number of liberal democrat friends and it's really not that big of a deal.