James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge

The James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge is on the northern most point of Oahu on the North Shore. The refuge was started in 1976 as a habitat for endangered water birds. At the time there were four birds that needed protecting: Hawaiian Stilt, Hawaiian Coot, Hawaiian Moorhen, and Hawaiian Duck.

The National Wildlife Refuge complex consists of natural and artificial wetlands, which are maintained by the state of Hawaii. The two wetlands include the James Campbell Refuge, the Punamano Unite and Ki'I Unit. The Ki'I Unit is 126 acres while the Punamano Unit is 134 acres.

The James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge was expanded in 2005 to include 1,100 acres. It has wetlands as well as the last intact coastal dune system on Oahu. The expansion came from many donations and many generations who have worked to protect Hawaii's birds. Shorebirds and migratory birds are protected on the land. About 2 miles of the land encompasses the dunes and strand of vegetation where the Hawaiian Monk Seal usually nests. There is also a habitat for green turtles. The turtles like many of the birds are endangered. Also found at the refuge are the Hawaiian Owl and Damselfly.