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Across Lake Champlain, Plattsburgh NY is similar to Cortland in terms of having a state college(and a community college), as well as core census block groups in/around its Downtown in the 8-14k/square mile population density range. It is also closer to Montreal(about an hour), has a low crime rate and is more affordable. Plattsburgh, NY | Official Website
Geneva is another small NY community that may work for the OP. It is actually quite diverse for a smaller community in the Northeast, it has a small private college, its crime rate is low(national)/average(state), it is affordable and it is about 40 minutes or so from Rochester and Syracuse. Its most dense core census block groups are only in the 8-9k range per square mile, but it is very walkable. http://cityofgenevany.com