19468 Zip Code (Royersford, PA) Detailed Profile

Estimated zip code population in 2013: 25,668
Zip code population in 2010: 25,536
Zip code population in 2000: 21,427

Houses and condos: 10,609
Renter-occupied apartments: 2,879
Mar. 2016 cost of living index in zip code 19468: 105.8 (more than average, U.S. average is 100)

Land area: 16.4 sq. mi.
Water area: 0.3 sq. mi.

Population density: 1,566 people per square mile

(low).

Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 19468

Real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2013:
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2013: $3,622 (1.4%)
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2013: $3,351 (1.4%)

For population 25 years and over in 19468:

• High school or higher: 94.4%
• Bachelor's degree or higher: 37.4%
• Graduate or professional degree: 12.5%
• Unemployed: 6.6%
• Mean travel time to work (commute): 27.7 minutes

For population 15 years and over in 19468:

• Never married: 28.1%
• Now married: 54.1%
• Separated: 1.2%
• Widowed: 6.9%
• Divorced: 9.8%

Urban population: 25,336
Rural population: 331

Averages for the 2012 tax year for zip code 19468, filed in 2013:

Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2012: $69,944 (Individual Income Tax Returns)

Here:	$69,944
State:	$61,346

Salary/wage: $66,833 (reported on 86.8% of returns)

Here:	$66,833
State:	$51,902

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 69.5% for AGIs below $25k, 78.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 80.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 83.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 87.7% for AGIs $100k-200k, 80.8% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxable interest for individuals: $705 (reported on 42.5% of returns)

This zip code:	$705
Pennsylvania:	$1,588

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 1.4% for AGIs below $25k, 0.6% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.3% for AGIs $100k-200k, 0.3% for AGIs over 200k)

Ordinary dividends: $2,181 (reported on 27.9% of returns)

Here:	$2,181
State:	$5,827

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.3% for AGIs below $25k, 1.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.9% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.8% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.6% for AGIs $100k-200k, 0.9% for AGIs over 200k)

Net capital gain/loss in AGI: +$4,060 (reported on 19.6% of returns)

Here:	+$4,060
State:	+$14,495

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.4% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.4% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.6% for AGIs $100k-200k, 3.9% for AGIs over 200k)

Profit/loss from business: +$16,625 (reported on 11.6% of returns)

Here:	+$16,625
State:	+$16,268

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 5.4% for AGIs below $25k, 2.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 3.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.9% for AGIs $100k-200k, 3.7% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxable individual retirement arrangement distribution: $12,388 (reported on 12.2% of returns)

19468:	$12,388
Pennsylvania:	$14,550

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 5.7% for AGIs below $25k, 3.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.8% for AGIs $100k-200k, 1.3% for AGIs over 200k)

Self-employment retirement plans: $13,538 (reported on 0.6% of returns)

19468:	$13,538
Pennsylvania:	$20,922

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.4% for AGIs over 200k)

Total itemized deductions: $22,116 (20% of AGI, reported on 45.9% of returns)

Here:	$22,116
State:	$23,538

Here:	19.6% of AGI
State:	18.4% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 12.7% for AGIs below $25k, 11.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 14.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 15.2% for AGIs $75k-100k, 15.8% for AGIs $100k-200k, 13.8% for AGIs over 200k)

Charity contributions: $2,695 (reported on 38.2% of returns)

Here:	$2,695
State:	$4,025

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 1.0% for AGIs below $25k, 1.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.4% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.6% for AGIs $100k-200k, 1.6% for AGIs over 200k)

Taxes paid: $9,128 (reported on 45.8% of returns)

19468:	$9,128
State:	$9,982

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.9% for AGIs below $25k, 3.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 5.2% for AGIs $50k-75k, 6.0% for AGIs $75k-100k, 7.1% for AGIs $100k-200k, 6.4% for AGIs over 200k)

Earned income credit: $1,741 (reported on 7.5% of returns)

Here:	$1,741
State:	$2,106

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 2.8% for AGIs below $25k, 0.6% for AGIs $25k-50k)

Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2012 taxes: 47.3%

Here:	47%
State:	53%

(% for various income ranges: 43.9% for AGIs below $25k, 45.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 48.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 49.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 48.4% for AGIs $100k-200k, 62.3% for AGIs over 200k)

Averages for the 2004 tax year for zip code 19468, filed in 2005:

Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2004: $57,949 (Individual Income Tax Returns)

Here:	$57,949
State:	$48,049

Salary/wage: $55,988 (reported on 88.5% of returns)

Here:	$55,988
State:	$42,646

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 115.2% for AGIs below $10k, 69.8% for AGIs $10k-25k, 85.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 88.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 90.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 83.3% for AGIs over 100k)

Taxable interest for individuals: $872 (reported on 55.8% of returns)

This zip code:	$872
Pennsylvania:	$1,657

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 7.5% for AGIs below $10k, 3.2% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.6% for AGIs over 100k)

Taxable dividends: $1,433 (reported on 32.5% of returns)

Here:	$1,433
State:	$3,566

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 5.6% for AGIs below $10k, 2.5% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.7% for AGIs over 100k)

Net capital gain/loss: +$3,882 (reported on 22.3% of returns)

Here:	+$3,882
State:	+$9,716

(% of AGI for various income ranges: -3.4% for AGIs below $10k, 0.8% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.4% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.1% for AGIs over 100k)

Profit/loss from business: +$13,793 (reported on 11.7% of returns)

Here:	+$13,793
State:	+$14,267

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 7.8% for AGIs below $10k, 5.1% for AGIs $10k-25k, 2.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.8% for AGIs over 100k)

IRA payment deduction: $2,912 (reported on 2.8% of returns)

19468:	$2,912
Pennsylvania:	$2,903

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.4% for AGIs below $10k, 0.3% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.3% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.2% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.1% for AGIs over 100k)

Self-employed pension: $11,722 (reported on 0.8% of returns)

Here:	$11,722
Pennsylvania:	$14,674

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.2% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.1% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.3% for AGIs over 100k)

Total itemized deductions: $19,472 (22% of AGI, reported on 48.8% of returns)

Here:	$19,472
State:	$18,804

Here:	21.8% of AGI
State:	19.5% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 14.3% for AGIs below $10k, 11.9% for AGIs $10k-25k, 12.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 16.3% for AGIs $50k-75k, 17.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 17.6% for AGIs over 100k)

Charity contributions deductions: $2,296 (3% of AGI, reported on 44.0% of returns)

Here:	$2,296
State:	$3,337

Here:	2.5% of AGI
State:	3.3% of AGI

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 0.8% for AGIs below $10k, 1.2% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.0% for AGIs over 100k)

Total tax: $8,249 (reported on 83.6% of returns)

19468:	$8,249
State:	$8,008

(% of AGI for various income ranges: 3.3% for AGIs below $10k, 4.8% for AGIs $10k-25k, 8.3% for AGIs $25k-50k, 9.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 10.4% for AGIs $75k-100k, 15.9% for AGIs over 100k)

Earned income credit: $1,399 (reported on 5.6% of returns)

Here:	$1,399
State:	$1,643

Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2004 taxes: 50.1%

Here:	50%
State:	56%

(% for various income ranges: 43.3% for AGIs below $10k, 51.9% for AGIs $10k-25k, 50.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 50.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 52.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 51.7% for AGIs over 100k)

Nearest zip codes: 19457, 19473, 19453, 19475, 19460, 19492.
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)

• Lesbian couples: 0.3% of all households
• Gay men: 0.4% of all households

Household received Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 347
Household did not receive Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 9,729

Women who had a birth in the past 12 months: 317 (315 now married, 2 unmarried)
Women who did not have a birth in the past 12 months: 5,821 (2,975 now married, 2,846 unmarried)

Housing units in zip code 19468 with a mortgage: 5,452 (320 second mortgage, 1,233 home equity loan, 50 both second mortgage and home equity loan)
Houses without a mortgage: 1,745

Median monthly owner costs for units with a mortgage: $1,915
Median monthly owner costs for units without a mortgage: S629

Residents with income below the poverty level in 2013:
Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 2013:

• Zip code 19468 household income distribution in 2013

• 
• 256Less than $10,000
• 332$10,000 to $14,999
• 499$15,000 to $19,999
• 373$20,000 to $24,999
• 457$25,000 to $29,999
• 380$30,000 to $34,999
• 387$35,000 to $39,999
• 381$40,000 to $44,999
• 373$45,000 to $49,999
• 693$50,000 to $59,999
• 1,144$60,000 to $74,999
• 1,500$75,000 to $99,999
• 1,070$100,000 to $124,999
• 642$125,000 to $149,999
• 954$150,000 to $199,999
• 635$200,000 or more

• Estimate of home value of owner-occupied houses/condos in 2013 in zip code 19468

• 
• 42Less than $10,000
• 26$15,000 to $19,999
• 19$20,000 to $24,999
• 20$25,000 to $29,999
• 13$30,000 to $34,999
• 19$50,000 to $59,999
• 31$60,000 to $69,999
• 56$80,000 to $89,999
• 50$90,000 to $99,999
• 197$100,000 to $124,999
• 248$125,000 to $149,999
• 514$150,000 to $174,999
• 594$175,000 to $199,999
• 1,728$200,000 to $249,999
• 1,118$250,000 to $299,999
• 1,450$300,000 to $399,999
• 637$400,000 to $499,999
• 368$500,000 to $749,999
• 57$750,000 to $999,999
• 10$1,000,000 or more

• Rent paid by renters in 2013 in zip code 19468

• 
• 10$200 to $249
• 45$250 to $299
• 13$300 to $349
• 14$350 to $399
• 50$400 to $449
• 20$450 to $499
• 104$500 to $549
• 125$550 to $599
• 60$600 to $649
• 132$650 to $699
• 149$700 to $749
• 50$750 to $799
• 319$800 to $899
• 471$900 to $999
• 495$1,000 to $1,249
• 566$1,250 to $1,499
• 173$1,500 to $1,999
• 22$2,000 or more
• 61No cash rent

Median gross rent in 2013: $1,166.

Median price asked for vacant for-sale houses and condos in 2013: $180,800.

Estimated median house (or condo) value in 2013 for:

• White Non-Hispanic householders: $254,754
• Black or African American householders: $280,979
• Asian householders: $270,810
• Two or more races householders: $401,398
• Hispanic or Latino householders: $289,899

Estimated median house or condo value in 2013: $251,900 Lower value quartile - upper value quartile: $198,700 - $349,800

Mean price in 2013:

Detached houses: $379,807

Here:	$379,807
State:	$221,511

Townhouses or other attached units: $226,080

Here:	$226,080
State:	$157,348

In 2-unit structures: $236,311

Here:	$236,311
State:	$141,335

In 3-to-4-unit structures: $187,471

Here:	$187,471
State:	$186,490

In 5-or-more-unit structures: $204,246

Here:	$204,246
State:	$212,799

Mobile homes: $52,656

Here:	$52,656
State:	$45,445

Housing units in structures:

• One, detached: 4,595
• One, attached: 2,992
• Two: 311
• 3 or 4: 293
• 5 to 9: 753
• 10 to 19: 915
• 20 to 49: 390
• 50 or more: 257
• Mobile homes: 103

Unemployment: 6.6%

• Means of transportation to work in zip code 19468

• 
• 86.4%11,387Drove a car alone
• 5.3%697Carpooled
• 0.4%50Bus or trolley bus
• 0.1%11Railroad
• 0.1%15Motorcycle
• 0.2%29Bicycle
• 2.3%297Walked
• 0.9%123Other means
• 4.3%565Worked at home

• Travel time to work (commute) in zip code 19468

• 
• 354Less than 5 minutes
• 1,2975 to 9 minutes
• 1,71110 to 14 minutes
• 1,50315 to 19 minutes
• 1,47120 to 24 minutes
• 55025 to 29 minutes
• 1,76530 to 34 minutes
• 47635 to 39 minutes
• 75840 to 44 minutes
• 1,51345 to 59 minutes
• 1,02360 to 89 minutes
• 18890 or more minutes

Percentage of zip code residents living and working in this county: 68.0%

Household type by relationship:

Households: 25,256

• In family households: 20,919 (3,927 male householders, 2,575 female householders)

  5,309 spouses, 7,950 children (7,428 natural, 203 adopted, 320 stepchildren), 268 grandchildren, 130 brothers or sisters, 206 parents, 242 other relatives, 210 non-relatives

• In nonfamily households: 4,337 (1,507 male householders (1,218 living alone)), 2,067 female householders (1,769 living alone)), 763 nonrelatives
• In group quarters: 412 (558 institutionalized population)

Size of family households: 2,475 2-persons, 1,632 3-persons, 1,530 4-persons, 720 5-persons, 120 6-persons, 25 7-or-more-persons

Size of nonfamily households: 2,987 1-person, 484 2-persons, 88 3-persons, 15 4-persons

4,824 married couples with children.
938 single-parent households (200 men, 738 women).

93.5% of residents of 19468 zip code speak English at home.
2.2% of residents speak Spanish at home (58% very well, 36% well, 5% not well).
2.7% of residents speak other Indo-European language at home (76% very well, 17% well, 7% not well).
1.4% of residents speak Asian or Pacific Island language at home (65% very well, 26% well, 9% not well).
0.2% of residents speak other language at home (100% very well).

Facilities with environmental interests located in this zip code:

• AMERICAN MACHINE AND TOOL COMPANY (400 SPRING STREET in ROYERSFORD, PA)

  COMPLIANCE ACTIVITY (Tracking inspections of insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, and toxic substances)
  Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification
  TRI REPORTER (Tracking of toxic chemicals releasing facilities) - ICIS-, ENFORCEMENT/COMPLIANCE ACTIVITY
  Business SIC classification: PUMPS AND PUMPING EQUIPMENT
  Business NAICS classification: PUMP AND PUMPING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING.
  Organizations: OPERNAME (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , OWNERNAME (CONTACT/OWNER)
  Alternative names: AMERICAN MCH & TL CO INC PA

• BEMISS JASON CORPORATION (455 RAILROAD PLAZA in ROYERSFORD, PA)

  AIR MAJOR (AIRS/AFS)
  (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))
  Business SIC classification: CONVERTED PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS
  Organizations: OPERNAME (CONTACT/OPERATOR)
  

• ACCUMETRICS (134 ADAMS ST in ROYERSFORD, PA)

  Small Quantity Generators, between 100 kg and 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification
  Organizations: ACCUMETRICS LTD (CONTACT/OWNER)
  

• AMERICAN MACHINERY & TOOL CO. (400 SPRING ST. in ROVERSFORD, PA)

  COMPLIANCE ACTIVITY (Tracking inspections of insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, and toxic substances)
  Business SIC classification: PUMPS AND PUMPING EQUIPMENT
  

Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities: 0.6%
Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities: 1.8%

Population in 1990: 13,825. Population change in the 1990s: +7,602 (+55.0%).

Place of birth for U.S.-born residents:

• This state: 19,357
• Northeast: 2,165
• Midwest: 659
• South: 1,518
• West: 254

49% of the 19468 zip code residents lived in the same house 5 years ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 51% lived in this county.
   Out of people who lived in different counties, 50% lived in Pennsylvania.

90% of the 19468 zip code residents lived in the same house 1 year ago.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 41% moved from this county.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 35% moved from different county within same state.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 22% moved from different state.
   Out of people who lived in different houses, 2% moved from abroad.

Private vs. public school enrollment:

Students in private schools in grades 1 to 8 (elementary and middle school): 172
Students in private schools in grades 9 to 12 (high school): 175 Students in private undergraduate colleges: 266

Companies with federal contracts located in this zip code (ROYERSFORD, PA):

• HYVAC PRODUCTS INC (201 N 5TH AVE; small business) : $308,073 in 10 contracts from 2000 to 2006

  Contracts for Compressors and Vacuum Pumps, Maintenance, Repair and Rebuilding of Equipment -- Space Vehicles, Maintenance, Repair and Rebuilding of Equipment -- Pumps and Compressors by Air Force, NASA, Army, Agricultural Research Service, and others
  Signed by year: 2000: $232,400; 2001: $0; 2002: $3,321; 2003: $33,678; 2004: $0; 2005: $23,674; 2006: $15,000.
  
  Biggest contracts:
  $117,600 with Air Force for Compressors and Vacuum Pumps. Signed on 2000-03-09. Completion date: 2000-08-31.
  $114,800, same as above. Signed on 2000-12-28. Completion date: 2001-04-30.
  $29,919, same as above. Signed on 2003-04-09. Completion date: 2003-07-31.
  $15,000, same as above. Signed on 2006-03-13. Completion date: 2006-07-15.
  

• PROCONEX GOVERNMENT SERVICES (103 ENTERPRISE DR; small business) : $238,768 in 2 contracts in 2006

  $234,560 with Navy for Maintenance, Repair and Rebuilding of Equipment -- Plumbing, Heating, and Waste Disposal Equipment. Signed on 2006-01-12. Completion date: 2006-07-01.
  $4,208 with Navy for Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories. Taking place in DC. Signed on 2006-01-24. Completion date: 2006-01-31.
  

• BERKMONT COMMUNICATIONS (15 BENNER RD; small business) : $5,343 in 3 contracts from 2004 to 2006

  $2,781 with Army for Telephone and/or Communications Services (includes Telegraph, Telex, and Cablevision Services). Signed on 2005-11-15. Completion date: 2005-11-30.
  $2,700, same as above. Signed on 2004-11-18. Completion date: 2005-11-30.
  -$138, same as above. Signed on 2006-05-31. Completion date: 2005-11-30.
  

• WENDT DUNNINGTON CO (546 ENTERPRISE DRIVE; small business)

  $3,965 with Army for Cutting Tools for Machine Tools. Signed on 2005-04-14. Completion date: 2005-06-24.

• A-ROUND CONNECTORS, INC (510 TRAPPE RD; small business)

  $1,732 with Navy for Motors, Electrical. Signed on 2005-07-27. Completion date: 2005-08-03.

Top industries in this zip code by the number of employees in 2005:

• Accommodation and Food Services: Full-Service Restaurants (100-249 employees: 1 establishment, 50-99 employees: 4 establishments, 20-49 employees: 1 establishment, 10-19 employees: 4 establishments, 5-9 employees: 4 establishments, 1-4 employees: 5 establishments)
• Accommodation and Food Services: Limited-Service Restaurants (50-99: 1, 20-49: 3, 10-19: 1, 5-9: 3, 1-4: 10)
• Health Care and Social Assistance: Child Day Care Services (20-49: 5, 5-9: 2, 1-4: 2)
• Other Services (except Public Administration): Religious Organizations (20-49: 1, 10-19: 4, 5-9: 10, 1-4: 6)
• Wholesale Trade: Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers (100-249: 1, 1-4: 5)
• Other Services (except Public Administration): Civic and Social Organizations (100-249: 1, 1-4: 1)
• Wholesale Trade: Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers (100-249: 1)

Most common first names in zip code 19468 among deceased individuals
Name	Count	Lived (average)
Mary	371	84.4 years
John	256	77.2 years
William	202	76.3 years
Anna	185	85.8 years
Elizabeth	172	83.6 years
Charles	161	78.2 years
Margaret	144	83.0 years
Helen	142	82.9 years
Joseph	135	76.9 years
Robert	126	72.6 years

Most common last names in zip code 19468 among deceased individuals
Last name	Count	Lived (average)
Miller	74	80.5 years
Smith	68	81.4 years
Brown	41	80.1 years
Williams	26	84.6 years
Wilson	24	78.4 years
Davis	23	84.3 years
Moyer	23	76.8 years
Jones	23	85.1 years
Johnson	22	80.2 years
Wright	21	81.5 years

Businesses in zip code 19468
Name	Count		Name	Count
7-Eleven	1		Nissan	1
AT&T	1		Outback	1
Advance Auto Parts	1		Outback Steakhouse	1
Applebee's	1		Payless	1
Blockbuster	1		Penske	1
CVS	2		Pizza Hut	1
Chevrolet	1		Quiznos	1
Chick-Fil-A	1		RadioShack	1
Dairy Queen	1		Rite Aid	2
Domino's Pizza	1		SONIC Drive-In	1
Dunkin Donuts	2		Safeway	1
Famous Footwear	1		Sears	1
FedEx	4		Sprint Nextel	1
GNC	1		Staples	1
GameStop	1		Starbucks	2
Giant	2		Subaru	1
H&R Block	1		Subway	1
Holiday Inn	2		Taco Bell	1
Honda	1		Target	1
Hyundai	1		Toyota	1
KFC	1		U-Haul	1
Kincaid	1		UPS	9
Kohl's	1		Verizon Wireless	1
Lane Furniture	1		Vons	1
Marshalls	1		Walgreens	1
MasterBrand Cabinets	1		Wendy's	1
McDonald's	1		YMCA	1
Nike	4