One more time, let's keep in mind, that all hikers left the tent on their own, (at least that's what their tracks indicated,) all nine of them were moving just fine ( which wouldn't indicate the kind of injuries that we'll see in autopsy descriptions.)
If they would have anything mortal like that, they wouldn't have been able to make it anywhere, least of all a distance of over 1,500 meters to the nearest forest ( about 40 minutes walk,) and from there - to the ravine.
This would be physically impossible.
So whatever happened to them, happened already when they were there - in the forest and in the ravine.
So this is the autopsy of Ludmila Dubinina, one of the last four hikers found in the ravine in May of 1959, after the snow already melted somewhat.
( I have links to both - to the original file and what A. Rakitin writes in his book. He obviously *deciphers* it much better.)
"During an external examination of the body, Vozrozhdenny discovered the following injuries (see the corresponding anatomical diagram):
- the absence of soft tissues in the region of the brow ridges, nose bridge, eye sockets and left temporomandibular region.
- in the area of ​​the left parietal bone, a soft tissue defect measuring 4.0 * 4.0 cm, the bottom of which is the exposed parietal bone (pos. 7);
- eyeballs are absent (pos. 1). The Act does not indicate the reason for their disappearance. According to the meaning of the phrase, it can be concluded that the eyeballs were not crushed, because in this case the sclera (the shell of the eyeball) would remain, which the expert could not fail to notice. Therefore, complete removal of both eyes has taken place;
- the cartilage of the nose is flattened (but the bones of the dorsum of the nose are intact) (pos. 2).
Quite a strange damage, the explanation for which is not as easy to find as it might seem at first glance. The fact is that the human nose is a rather fragile structure and its back breaks even when a slight load is applied, and it breaks with a shift, skew, so that it is not possible to restore the shape of the nose even with timely and qualified treatment.
Most of all, the damage described in Lyudmila Dubinina's case, corresponds to a blow to the tip of the nose from the side; ;
- there are no soft tissues of the upper lip on the right with exposure of the upper jaw and teeth;
- there is no tongue in the mouth. During an internal examination, the pathologist ( Vozrozhdenny) will clarify this point as follows: "The diaphragm of the mouth and tongue is absent. The upper edge of the hyoid bone is exposed."
And that's it! Amazing laconicism, from which absolutely nothing can be understood. We have yet to return to the analysis of the stylistic features of this, and some other acts of forensic medical examinations, signed by Boris Alekseevich Vozrozhdenny;
- in the middle third of the left thigh - a spilled bruise of a bluish-purple color measuring 10.0 cm * 5 cm, with hemorrhage into the thickness of the skin. The bruise was located on the outer surface of the leg in front (pos. 6);
- advanced maceration of the fingers and feet of both feet. The skin from the terminal phalanges of the fingers slipped along with the nail plates;
- when feeling the neck - unusual mobility of the horns of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage (This is a serious indication of suffocation or blow to the throat from the bottom up, although it should be noted that the hyoid bones of girls and young women are considered more mobile than men).
On internal examination, the medical examiner found multiple bilateral rib fractures. On the right side of the body of the deceased, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs were broken, the lines of their fractures corresponded to the midclavicular and mid-axillary lines (i.e., they were observed in the middle of the right side of the chest and from the armpit down the right lateral torso surface) (item 3 in the diagram).
On the left, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th ribs were broken, the line of these fractures corresponded to the midclavicular line (pos. 4). These injuries caused significant hemorrhages in the intercostal muscles and the area of ​​the so-called *the handle* of the sternum (the upper part of the middle of the chest), which Vozrozhdenny also took note of.
In addition, the expert noted in the area of ​​the right ventricle of the heart "an irregular oval hemorrhage measuring 4.0 * 4.0 cm with diffuse saturation of the muscle of the right ventricle" (pos. 5).
This damage, apparently, was in direct connection with rib fractures, although the expert did not write about this directly in his act and did not indicate the cause of the hemorrhage in the heart muscle.
Diffuse infiltration of the muscle indicated the lifetime of the effect that caused the hemorrhage. This trauma itself is so serious that it alone would have been enough to cause fatal consequences.
In addition, the deceased had pulmonary edema similar to that observed in Yuri Doroshenko (literally in the text of the Act, this is described literally with the same words: "on the incision, the lung tissue is dark red, when pressed from the surface of the incision, a frothy bloody liquid flows abundantly" ).
In 1959, medical science could not explain the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema and, strictly speaking, they did not know how to deal with them, - all treatment was reduced to a primitive and ineffective method of "cervical novocaine blockade".
It was believed that the main role in the development of acute
pulmonary edema is played by the failure of the central nervous system.
Such failures could be due to serious disturbances in the work of the heart (hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart, dyspnea-cyanotic attacks, etc.), in any case, medicine has already associated heart disturbances with acute pulmonary edema. Therefore, in the case of Lyudmila Dubinina, who received a serious heart injury, acute edema did not cause any special questions, Vozrozdenny could explain it logically and clearly.
But in the case of Yuri Doroshenko, ( one of the first five found) everything was by no means so clear, and as we remember, the medical examiner in his conclusion bypassed the acute pulmonary edema that he discovered during the autopsy with complete silence.
It was very strange that Lyudmila Dubinina had no tongue, and with it the diaphragm of the mouth (these are the muscles that form the bottom of the oral cavity and participate in the movements of the lower jaw). It is impossible to understand what happened to the tongue of the deceased from the document drawn up by Vozrozhdenny - this is not at all a reproach to the expert, but a statement of fact.
If the tongue had been cut out, there should have remained (in theory, at least) recognizable traces, but these have not been described.
It is difficult to imagine what natural reasons could lead to the disappearance of the tongue and diaphragm of the mouth. It is known that aquatic inhabitants, especially crustaceans, are capable of very badly damaging corpses in a very short time, but there can be no question of any fish or crayfish in a stream with melting water. It is also impossible to suspect the work of mice. In winter, mice can be active under the snow for up to 3 hours a day, but they do not feed on frozen flesh (all the more, they are unlikely to be able to eat a mass that is many times its own weight, which is calculated in grams).
It is difficult to judge the culinary preferences of mice and rats, but it is well known that they usually eat the protruding parts of the head - the nose, ears. If Dubinina had such injuries, then the disappearance of the tongue would not look so suspicious.
However, none of the Dyatlov group had traces of damage to the skin by small animals (the only exception is the corpse of Krivonischenko, the tip of the nose of whom was presumably cut off by birds).
On Internet forums, a version was voiced according to which the frozen tongue of the deceased could break off during transportation and fall out of her open mouth, but it is difficult to call such an assumption other than naive.
A frozen human corpse has the hardness of wood, but it does not shatter like glass or pieces fly off of it upon impact. In any case, forensic medicine knows nothing about the fact that parts of a frozen body can fall off during careless transportation.
The expert found about 100 cc of blood in the stomach of the deceased. "a mucous mass of dark red color" that got there, possibly due to the removal of the tongue.
Nothing similar to the "Vishnevsky spots" ( i.e signs of hypothermia) was found on the gastric mucosa, and when examining the brain, "poor blood supply" of the meninges was found.
Therefore the most important objective signs of deep hypothermia were not found. Moreover, Lyudmila Dubinina's fingers and toes were not frostbitten, which clearly indicated that by the time of her death, the girl was successfully fighting the cold. And it was not at all the frost and the wind that killed her.
The totality of the observations made by the forensic scientist prompted him to formulate the cause of the girl's death in the concluding part of his examination report as follows: "I believe that Dubinina's death occurred as a result of extensive hemorrhage in the right ventricle of the heart, multiple bilateral rib fracture, profuse internal bleeding into the chest cavity."
So Lyudmila lDubinina's death had no connection with the lack of clothing in conditions of being in the cold.
Since a quite pertinent question to an expert about the source of the fatal impact could arise, the Vozrozhdenny inserted into his act the following very significant passage:
“These injuries could have arisen as a result of the impact of a large force, which entailed a severe closed fatal chest trauma in Dubinina. Moreover, the injuries took place while she was still alive, and are the result of the impact of great force with the subsequent fall, throw or bruise of the chest of Dubinina. "
So comrade Vozrozhdenny prepared a very interesting document, and an inquisitive reader has the right to ask the author if he will have any comments? We hasten to assure: oh yes, there will be comments! Right in the next chapter ..."
Murders
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