6) Asahikawa, Japan at 293"/743cm and -41C/-42F. It's at 43.8N and has a population of 352,000.
I was able to find a few places in North America as well, but none come close to the size of Asahikawa.
Thompson Pass, Alaska (552"/1401cm) comes very close with a record low of -39F. There are only about 20 years of temperature data so it has probably seen -40 at some point. It's uninhabited, 2805ft/855m and 61.1N.
ForĂȘt Montmorency, Quebec (
source) has a record low of -42C/-44F and averages 620cm/244". It's a "biodiversity reserve" at 47.3N and 640m/2100ft, about 70 km north of Quebec city.
Cape Dyer A, Nunavut gets 566cm/223" despite an annual average of -11C/12F. The record low is -47.2C/-53F. It is at 66"35'N and 393m/1290ft on the east coast of Baffin Island and looks uninhabited. The snow depth stats are shocking:
300 days with snow cover of 1cm or greater, only 6 less than Alert.
266 days with snow cover of 20cm/8" or greater (way more than Alert and probably one of the highest of anywhere not covered in ice)
Maximum snow depth 330cm/130" in January, with 6 months of the year having a record snow depth > 200cm and 10 months > 100cm.
October snowfall of 95cm/37", with an average of 0.95 days seeing snowfall of 25cm/10"
In the continental US:
Herman, Michigan has a record low of -40F and averages 229"/582cm. Elevation 1740ft/530m. It's a tiny unincorporated town, probably less than 100 people.
Old_Forge,_New_York has a record low of -52F and at least one place gives them an average over 200", but the 1971-2000 normal is 195"/495cm. It used to be a village with about 1000 people but merged with the town of Webb, NY (population 1807). Elevation is 1730ft/527m.
There are probably several places in the Rocky mountains that meet this but I don't know if any are inhabited. For example,
Snake River, Wyoming gets 269"/683cm and has a record low of -46F but it's at 6880ft/2100m and probably uninhabited.