04-15-2016, 06:16 PM
Location: Oregon
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
MarkGraham
It's easy to throw stones when you hide behind an alias. If you ever met and talked with Mario you would realize you are all wet.
Respectfully,
Mark Graham
Mark ... considering how GOT or FRs earned a bad reputation that can't be dismissed in regard to damaged resources, I think there's a temptation for them to try and praise or pat themselves on the back. If they stay anonymous with no profile, credentials or contact, a possible option is fabricating imaginary people to speak on their behalf. There is no question that fake personalities can dribble bits of self-promotion and praise ... or criticize others.
They could potentially be anybody who can't be verified on any forum, any blog or any Instagram comment. But that's about their only option to build their own praise for their leak. Or to try and brush-aside attention on native plant destruction.
At least we can let a couple redwood habitats speak on their own behalf - before and after
Since some damage is irreversible, the least people can do is let the leakers "own it". Even if they go in hiding, they have to own the fact they leaked discoveries that were not their own finding, and own the damage and trampling they caused to natural resources.
Last edited by mdvaden; 04-15-2016 at 06:34 PM ..
04-15-2016, 06:45 PM
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Wow, it looks worse and worse around that tree. I fear something similar is happening in other areas. The redwoods can handle a few bear claw scratches but no way have they evolved to be able to withstand that degree of soil compaction and root exposure. Not with their shallow roots. Not good, not good at all.
04-15-2016, 09:07 PM
Location: Oakland, CA
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
MarkGraham
Wow, it looks worse and worse around that tree. I fear something similar is happening in other areas. The redwoods can handle a few bear claw scratches but no way have they evolved to be able to withstand that degree of soil compaction and root exposure. Not with their shallow roots. Not good, not good at all.
Mark, ACWA, the Association of California Water Agencies, reports...
“The water years of 2012-14 stand as California’s driest three consecutive years." And you can can tack another year onto this taking into account the lack of rain through the summer of 2015. So, we're looking at possibly the worst drought on record.
What you are seeing in the pictures is primarily ferns in recession, along with moist shoots receding at the base of that tree, and you can see, the first picture was taken in 2010, prior to the latest drought. It has nothing to do with soil compaction or roots being crushed from human abuse. I pointed this out in an earlier post.
It has absolutely nothing to do with a few hikers milling around as Mario has led you to believe. The exact same type of scenario has occurred in Redwood areas near here, ones I traverse regularly - even in far off the beaten path off-trail locations where there is no traffic whatsoever. And it's not just the ferns receding; the health of some trees has been compromised due to the lack of water. I'd say Mario is correct in stating that the root structures of at least some of the trees have been compromised. But not from a few people padding around. I say this because more trees have toppled over during recent rains than at any time I can remember, and this goes back a ways.
Sadly, the poison oak doesn't seem to have been affected much.
04-15-2016, 09:43 PM
Location: Oakland, CA
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
mdvaden
Yes, switching subjects is easy.
Either way, all our activity was legal and moral and above-board.
Yes, just as their's was.
Monty
04-15-2016, 10:17 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
Montclairion
Mark, ACWA, the Association of California Water Agencies, reports...
“The water years of 2012-14 stand as California’s driest three consecutive years." And you can can tack another year onto this taking into account the lack of rain through the summer of 2015. So, we're looking at possibly the worst drought on record.
What you are seeing in the pictures is primarily ferns in recession, along with moist shoots receding at the base of that tree, and you can see, the first picture was taken in 2010, prior to the latest drought. It has nothing to do with soil compaction or roots being crushed from human abuse. I pointed this out in an earlier post.
It has absolutely nothing to do with a few hikers milling around as Mario has led you to believe. The exact same type of scenario has occurred in Redwood areas near here, ones I traverse regularly - even in far off the beaten path off-trail locations where there is no traffic whatsoever. And it's not just the ferns receding; the health of some trees has been compromised due to the lack of water. I'd say Mario is correct in stating that the root structures of at least some of the trees have been compromised. But not from a few people padding around. I say this because more trees have toppled over during recent rains than at any time I can remember, and this goes back a ways.
Sadly, the poison oak doesn't seem to have been affected much.
Montclairion not so much drought in Crescent City per weather underground.
Crescent City airport rainfall
Annual "average" is 66 inches
12 months ending April 15, 2016 64.38 inches
12 months ending April 15, 2015 41.08 inches
12 months ending April 15, 2014 27.25 inches
12 months ending April 15, 2013 52.53 inches
12 months ending April 15, 2012 61.56 inches
2016 year to date 28 inches
So a couple dry years in there but not exceptionally so and bracketed by normal precipitation years.
Your overall point on drought impacts seems right but it really doesn't apply in Jedediah Smith Redwoods.
And for GOT it would be much more than a few people around the trees, as that grove is readily accessible.
I agree with your poison oak sentiment.
04-15-2016, 11:01 PM
Location: Oakland, CA
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Climate change
Mark, climate change has a serious effect. It's not just the rainfall, which is down, but temperature is a major factor as well. Also, water coming down from the mountains - extremely important. And fog.
Here's are a couple of links with some data organized by the Save the Redwoods League, a group I've been involved with...
Understanding Climate Change | Save the Redwoods League
http://www.savetheredwoods.org/wp-co...-Abstracts.pdf
More later maybe.
Heading out to a movie.
Monty
04-15-2016, 11:04 PM
Location: Oregon
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
Montclairion
Mark ... SNIP ...
What you are seeing in the pictures is primarily ferns in recession , along with moist shoots receding at the base of that tree, and you can see, the first picture was taken in 2010, prior to the latest drought. It has nothing to do with soil compaction or roots being crushed from human abuse. I pointed this out in an earlier post.
It has absolutely nothing to do with a few hikers milling around as Mario has led you to believe.
Mark and others, maybe its good that he wrote that diatribe. It opened a door to his inner self, but did not open a door to the truth about the redwood tree shown or the plants that vanished around it.
In Redwood National and State Parks, ferns did not selectively vanish from drought only in the spots people were trampling. And
drought is not the cause , otherwise scores of ferns elsewhere in the area would be gone too. But that's not the case. Also, the Save the Redwoods links do not relate to this particular situation.
There was ample moisture in the north parks, and
some redwoods grew height as much in one single year recently, as in four pre-drought years combined . Let alone the relatively good health of ferns and sorrel evident the past couple years in the north. The photo below shows the good condition of a redwood the past couple years in the north parks. That's how Screaming Titans looked before leaks triggered so much tramping.
I learned that the cameras placed in that grove recorded as many as 50 people per day. And virtually everybody goes to that tree for photos. That's not a few people, but a steady stream.
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MarkGraham
So a couple dry years in there but not exceptionally so.
Mark, what you wrote fits.
The image is typical of the north parks as many hikers have seen in those north parks. The late spring to autumn may have been exceptionally dry for precipitation, but not dry enough to eradicate the ferns or cause big issues to the redwoods.
Last edited by mdvaden; 04-16-2016 at 12:06 AM ..
04-15-2016, 11:49 PM
Location: Oregon
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Reputation: 1419
Here's another recent image from the north Redwood National and State Parks.
These redwood's own testimonial conveyed through photos shows how well trees and ferns flourished where people were not trampling them like around Screaming Titans.
04-16-2016, 04:57 AM
Location: Oakland, CA
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
mdvaden
Also, the Save the Redwoods links do not relate to this particular situation.
Mario, the entire area has been affected by average heat increasing several degrees, diminished rainfall, lack of fog and drastic cuts in river flow volumes. The mountains have had virtually no snow pack, and this is an important factor for the habitats below. This is documented and detailed in some of the League's material and they've been following and concerned about this scenario for years.
You take a picture before the draught when everything is honky-dory and then you take one years later in the middle of the worst draught in the state's history and claim some hikers knocked down the ferns. And why - because you're no longer the keeper of
the secrets. You can't sprinkle your fairy dust of glittering clues which you were sort of stingy with anyway, unless, of course, they were
true believers. Do you believe?
If you look carefully you can see several half-dead ferns hanging off the tree in your picture. Did the same hikers you refer to walk vertically up the trunk of the tree and kick out the ferns that were 15 feet above the ground? Or maybe you think they climbed up and removed the ferns for souvenirs - potted them in planters around their houses? Or maybe they sprayed some pesticide on them because they thought the ferns were eating away at the tree. Yes, maybe that's it; the ferns were parasitic.
Your own pictures show how little sense your own story makes. I know you'd like them to for the benefit of your flock and your ego, but as I mentioned on several occasions - ferns recede during draught and return after several years of cooler, wetter weather.
You are supposed to be the resident expert here. Maybe it's time for some refresher classes. Or perhaps I'm all wet and it's just that your camera is malfunctioning.
Monty
04-16-2016, 05:37 AM
Location: Oakland, CA
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One thing I should add is that the season before last I went up to those parts with my son and Redwood country was dry and over 100 degrees. We camped in one of the parks and it was so hot we couldn't sleep. And the next day we did some hiking, checking out some of the big trees and it was very hot and it was dry and what was supposed to be the major river running through those parts was but a slow moving stream at best.
We decided to head up to higher country and make our way up to the Trinities and we recorded temps on the road after leaving the park of over 115 degrees. The tiny towns up there along the way were all but deserted, residents all trying to cool themselves in the stream of a river.
I used to have a lot of the Boston ferns in my house and to keep them happy they had to be cool and I had to in addition to watering them, mist them every day or they'd dry up - literally in a matter of days if it was too warm. That's how it is with ferns.
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Most Common Occupations - Education, training, and library occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and other technical occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Health technologists and technicians (%)
Most Common Occupations - Service occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Healthcare support occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Protective service occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Fire fighting and prevention, and other protective service workers including supervisors (%)
Most Common Occupations - Law enforcement workers including supervisors (%)
Most Common Occupations - Food preparation and serving related occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Personal care and service occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Sales and office occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Sales and related occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Office and administrative support occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Construction and extraction occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Production, transportation, and material moving occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Production occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Transportation occupations (%)
Most Common Occupations - Material moving occupations (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - Correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Federal prisons and detention centers (%)
People in Group quarters - Halfway houses (%)
People in Group quarters - Local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military disciplinary barracks (%)
People in Group quarters - State prisons (%)
People in Group quarters - Other types of correctional institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Nursing homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards, hospices, and schools for the handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals/wards and hospices for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospices or homes for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Military hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Other hospitals or wards for chronically ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Hospitals or wards for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals or wards (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the deaf (%)
People in Group quarters - Institutions for the blind (%)
People in Group quarters - Orthopedic wards and institutions for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in general hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Wards in military hospitals for patients who have no usual home elsewhere (%)
People in Group quarters - Juvenile institutions (%)
People in Group quarters - Long-term care (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for abused, dependent, and neglected children (%)
People in Group quarters - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children (%)
People in Group quarters - Training schools for juvenile delinquents (%)
People in Group quarters - Short-term care, detention or diagnostic centers for delinquent children (%)
People in Group quarters - Type of juvenile institution unknown (%)
People in Group quarters - Noninstitutionalized population (%)
People in Group quarters - College dormitories (includes college quarters off campus) (%)
People in Group quarters - Military quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - On base (%)
People in Group quarters - Barracks, unaccompanied personnel housing (UPH), (Enlisted/Officer), ;and similar group living quarters for military personnel (%)
People in Group quarters - Transient quarters for temporary residents (%)
People in Group quarters - Military ships (%)
People in Group quarters - Group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes or halfway houses for drug/alcohol abuse (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally ill (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the mentally retarded (%)
People in Group quarters - Homes for the physically handicapped (%)
People in Group quarters - Other group homes (%)
People in Group quarters - Religious group quarters (%)
People in Group quarters - Dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Agriculture workers' dormitories on farms (%)
People in Group quarters - Job Corps and vocational training facilities (%)
People in Group quarters - Other workers' dormitories (%)
People in Group quarters - Crews of maritime vessels (%)
People in Group quarters - Other nonhousehold living situations (%)
People in Group quarters - Other noninstitutional group quarters (%)
Residents speaking English at home (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking English at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking Spanish at home - Foreign born (%)
Residents speaking other language at home (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Born in the United States (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Native, born elsewhere (%)
Residents speaking other language at home - Foreign born (%)
Class of Workers - Employee of private company (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed in own incorporated business (%)
Class of Workers - Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers (%)
Class of Workers - Local government workers (%)
Class of Workers - State government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Federal government workers (%)
Class of Workers - Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business and Unpaid family workers (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in houses and condos - No fuel used (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Utility gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Bottled, tank, or LP gas (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Electricity (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Coal or coke (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Wood (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Solar energy (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - Other fuel (%)
House heating fuel used in apartments - No fuel used (%)
Armed forces status - In Armed Forces (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Veteran (%)
Armed forces status - Civilian - Nonveteran (%)
Fatal accidents locations in years 2005-2021
Fatal accidents locations in 2005
Fatal accidents locations in 2006
Fatal accidents locations in 2007
Fatal accidents locations in 2008
Fatal accidents locations in 2009
Fatal accidents locations in 2010
Fatal accidents locations in 2011
Fatal accidents locations in 2012
Fatal accidents locations in 2013
Fatal accidents locations in 2014
Fatal accidents locations in 2015
Fatal accidents locations in 2016
Fatal accidents locations in 2017
Fatal accidents locations in 2018
Fatal accidents locations in 2019
Fatal accidents locations in 2020
Fatal accidents locations in 2021
Alcohol use - People drinking some alcohol every month (%)
Alcohol use - People not drinking at all (%)
Alcohol use - Average days/month drinking alcohol
Alcohol use - Average drinks/week
Alcohol use - Average days/year people drink much
Audiometry - Average condition of hearing (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear a whisper from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - People that can hear normal voice from across a quiet room (%)
Audiometry - Ears ringing, roaring, buzzing (%)
Audiometry - Had a job exposure to loud noise (%)
Audiometry - Had off-work exposure to loud noise (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high blood pressure (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Checking blood pressure at home (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Frequently checking blood cholesterol (%)
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol - Has high cholesterol level (%)
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at supermarket/grocery store
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on food at other stores
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on eating out
Consumer Behavior - Money monthly spent on carryout/delivered foods
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at supermarket/grocery store (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on food at other stores (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on eating out (%)
Consumer Behavior - Income spent on carryout/delivered foods (%)
Current Health Status - General health condition (%)
Current Health Status - Blood donors (%)
Current Health Status - Has blood ever tested for HIV virus (%)
Current Health Status - Left-handed people (%)
Dermatology - People using sunscreen (%)
Diabetes - Diabetics (%)
Diabetes - Had a blood test for high blood sugar (%)
Diabetes - People taking insulin (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Diet health (%)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Milk product consumption (# of products/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals not home prepared (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Meals from fast food or pizza place (#/week)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Ready-to-eat foods (#/month)
Diet Behavior & Nutrition - Frozen meals/pizza (#/month)
Drug Use - People that ever used marijuana or hashish (%)
Drug Use - Ever used hard drugs (%)
Drug Use - Ever used any form of cocaine (%)
Drug Use - Ever used heroin (%)
Drug Use - Ever used methamphetamine (%)
Health Insurance - People covered by health insurance (%)
Kidney Conditions-Urology - Avg. # of times urinating at night
Medical Conditions - People with asthma (%)
Medical Conditions - People with anemia (%)
Medical Conditions - People with psoriasis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with overweight (%)
Medical Conditions - Elderly people having difficulties in thinking or remembering (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever received blood transfusion (%)
Medical Conditions - People having trouble seeing even with glass/contacts (%)
Medical Conditions - People with arthritis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with gout (%)
Medical Conditions - People with congestive heart failure (%)
Medical Conditions - People with coronary heart disease (%)
Medical Conditions - People with angina pectoris (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had heart attack (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had stroke (%)
Medical Conditions - People with emphysema (%)
Medical Conditions - People with thyroid problem (%)
Medical Conditions - People with chronic bronchitis (%)
Medical Conditions - People with any liver condition (%)
Medical Conditions - People who ever had cancer or malignancy (%)
Mental Health - People who have little interest in doing things (%)
Mental Health - People feeling down, depressed, or hopeless (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble sleeping or sleeping too much (%)
Mental Health - People feeling tired or having little energy (%)
Mental Health - People with poor appetite or overeating (%)
Mental Health - People feeling bad about themself (%)
Mental Health - People who have trouble concentrating on things (%)
Mental Health - People moving or speaking slowly or too fast (%)
Mental Health - People having thoughts they would be better off dead (%)
Oral Health - Average years since last visit a dentist
Oral Health - People embarrassed because of mouth (%)
Oral Health - People with gum disease (%)
Oral Health - General health of teeth and gums (%)
Oral Health - Average days a week using dental floss/device
Oral Health - Average days a week using mouthwash for dental problem
Oral Health - Average number of teeth
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to control insects (%)
Pesticide Use - Households using pesticides to kill weeds (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity work activities (%)
Physical Activity - People walking or bicycling (%)
Physical Activity - People doing vigorous-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - People doing moderate-intensity recreational activities (%)
Physical Activity - Average hours a day doing sedentary activities
Physical Activity - Average hours a day watching TV or videos
Physical Activity - Average hours a day using computer
Physical Functioning - People having limitations keeping them from working (%)
Physical Functioning - People limited in amount of work they can do (%)
Physical Functioning - People that need special equipment to walk (%)
Physical Functioning - People experiencing confusion/memory problems (%)
Physical Functioning - People requiring special healthcare equipment (%)
Prescription Medications - Average number of prescription medicines taking
Preventive Aspirin Use - Adults 40+ taking low-dose aspirin (%)
Reproductive Health - Vaginal deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Cesarean deliveries (%)
Reproductive Health - Deliveries resulted in a live birth (%)
Reproductive Health - Pregnancies resulted in a delivery (%)
Reproductive Health - Women breastfeeding newborns (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had a hysterectomy (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that had both ovaries removed (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever taken birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women taking birth control pills (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used Depo-Provera or injectables (%)
Reproductive Health - Women that have ever used female hormones (%)
Sexual Behavior - People 18+ that ever had sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had anal sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Males 18+ that ever had any sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had vaginal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever performed oral sex on a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had anal sex with a man (%)
Sexual Behavior - Females 18+ that ever had any kind of sex with a woman (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first had sex
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female vaginal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a woman (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of woman performed oral sex on in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male anal sex partners in lifetime (males 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average age people first performed oral sex on a man (18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male oral sex partners in lifetime (18+)
Sexual Behavior - People using protection when performing oral sex (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of times people have vaginal or anal sex a year
Sexual Behavior - People having sex without condom (%)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of male vaginal sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Average number of female sex partners in lifetime (females 18+)
Sexual Behavior - Circumcised males 18+ (%)
Sleep Disorders - Average hours sleeping at night
Sleep Disorders - People that has trouble sleeping (%)
Smoking-Cigarette Use - People smoking cigarettes (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with smell (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ having problems with taste (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had wisdom teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had tonsils teeth removed (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a loss of consciousness because of a head injury (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had a broken nose or other serious injury to face or skull (%)
Taste & Smell - People 40+ that ever had two or more sinus infections (%)
Weight - Average height (inches)
Weight - Average weight (pounds)
Weight - Average BMI
Weight - People that are obese (%)
Weight - People that ever were obese (%)
Weight - People trying to lose weight (%)